The article presents the results of many years of research, depending on the design of the garden. In plantations of peach, we studied the planting patterns: 4 x 3 - 2 - 1.5 - 1 m (from 883 to 2500 trees/ha) and crown shape: bowl (control), spindle-shaped, flattened without a leader, bush on alder. As a result of the research, the productive forms of the crown have been isolated, yielding from 19.5 (1250 trees/ha) to 27.0 t / ha (1666 trees/ha) - the fusiform crown, and also at a rate of 29.0 t / Ha at a planting density of 2,500 trees per 1 hectare at the crown. The average yield of peach in 2011-2016 in the above variants did not exceed 15.7 t / ha.

The results of studies of the influence of different garden designs on storage time, maturation and biochemical composition of fruits in apple tree plantations on vegetative-propagated stock EM-IX and MM-106 with EM-IX insert in the foothill zone of the Crimea are highlighted. Objects of research were varieties: Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Cimmeria and Crimean. Based on the results of the research, it was established that, depending on the variety, the fruits grown in garden designs on the MM-106 with the EM-IX insert in the above indices are not inferior to the gardens at EM-IX. At the loss of mass and the quality of products sold a huge impact on the timing of the removal of products.

The current state of gardening in the republic is disclosed, the role of various forms of managing in production of fruit production is revealed. The main directions of increase in efficiency of gardening are given in Dagestan.

The prospects application of the new preparation "Melafen" in modern apple cultivation technologies ensuring a significant reduction of the pre-harvest fall of fruits, an increase in their weight and economic yield this year, as well as the possibility of realizing the plant productivity potential in the next season are substantiated.

New scientific ways of defferential using of limiting factors which were differently distributed in time and space by fruit crops in condition of changing climate were offered. On their base the new technology of optimization of ecosystems of fruit crops was developed, which can increase their productivity in 3 - 5 times without and financial infusion.

In terms of import, to producers of berries of strawberry are offered economically feasible technological models of cultivation of strawberry. As a result of replication there is a real possibility of the organization of production time across regions and interregional planning of supply to the consumer market of high-quality strawberries.

The effectiveness of methods of precision application of biofertilizers to soil in the fruit-bearing intensive apple tree on well-cultivated sod-podzolic soils was studied.

The results of studying microbiological preparations in the nursery farming are presented. Technologies using Trichoderma viride, Azomonas agilis , which increase the amount of quality of material of stone in the 1st and 2nd fields of the nurseryare developed. The best drug,which significantly increases the germination capacity of seeds, is Pseudobacterin-2.

The article presents the results of studies of fertigation various regimes of strawberry with drip irrigation, their effect on the productivity and biochemical composition of strawberry. The concentration of the fertilizer solution 2-3 mg / l and the high frequency of application have positively affected the generative productivity of plants. The concentration of the solution of 4-6 mg / l and a reduced frequency of application contributed to an increase in the number and weight of strawberry runners.

The results of the experimental introduction of a resource-saving system for the formation of the apple tree crown on the root stock of the SK4 "crown-row" in the conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia are presented. The optimal load of trees with fruits has been established, which ensures stable annual fruiting, high commercial qualities of apples and economic efficiency of at least 100,0 rubles / ha of net income.

In article results of long-term researches on cultivation of cherry plum hybrid in conditions of the Moscow area are submitted. It is established, that the steadiest and plentiful fructification was marked at use of clonal stocks ОПА-15-2 and 13-113. The best productivity is marked at on variety- rootstocks Kubanskaya cometa on OPA-15-2 and 13-113.

In article are characterized by the horticultural development of the Republic of Dagestan, in the priority allocated to intensive horticulture under this sector, the ways of intensification of horticulture, - substantiation of optimizing the placement of gardening taking into account the vertical zonality partner.

Ficus carica L. plants in vitro culture have a great interest due to the high nutritional value of their fruits, obtaing plants resistans to viral diseases, the large-scale production of improved plant material and preservation of the unique fig gene pool collected in Nikita Botanical Gardens. The aim of our studies was to identify structural and metabolic features in vegetative organs of two fig cultivars (Pomoriyskiy and Sabrutsiya Rozovaya) under various durations of in vitro culture. WPM medium supplemented with 0.7-2.0 mg/L BAP, 0.15-0.5 mg/L NAA and 9 g/L agar (pH 5.8-5.9) was used for morphogenesis induction. Microshoots were cultured for 100 and 390 days (they were subcultured every 20-25 days) at 24±1°C, 16-h photoperiod and light intensity 37.5 μmol m^-2s^-1. Morphometric measurements were made in 30 replications; histological analysis was performed on temporary microscope slides. Some aspects of water content in microshoot tissues and their assimilation activity were studied. Plants regenerated in vitro had morphologically and functionally normal microshoots and actively photosynthesized leaf blades. Leaves were bifacial, hypostomatic, thin and xeromorphic. Chlorenchyma was differentiated. Mesophyll was better developed under morphogenesis initiation after 100-days culture. Epidermis was covered with thin cuticle. Simple trichomes and multiple stomatal apparatus of anomocyte type were noted. Cover tissues demonstrated better defined features needed for water stress adaptation under prolonged culture ex vitro . The total water content in tissues was high, water fractions repartition to increasing the part of bound water occurred after 390-days culture. Presented data gave us possibility to optimize the time of fig plants in vitro culture stages as well as they can be used for advanced breeding and identification of the criteria for abiotic stressors resistance in fig plants according to the cultivation zone.

This article describes the features of industrial technology establishing and cultivation of basic and certified mother plantings of apple vegetative rootstocks, general rules for selecting and preparation of the rootstocks, selection and cultivation of place for mother plantations, methods of his detention in conditions of specialized enterprises, were engaged in the reproduction of apple vegetative rootstocks.

For the first time, an effective culture medium for clonal micropropagation of apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) was developed when as explants the leaves cuttings and apical meristems were used. A culture medium with an air conditioning factor is proposed for better development of apical meristems. The media providing a good multiplication index (3-7) and growth of shoots without signs of hyperhydricity have been developed. New effective components were used in the compositions for microshoots rooting.

The paper presents the results of intergeneric hybridization involving a species of Microcerasus pumila . It is shown that the use of isolated forms and already existing hybrids allows for targeted hybridization, both under greenhouse conditions and in the field. This selection direction has great prospects in creating new forms of vegetatively propagated rootstocks for peach, myrobalan, plums, etc. To intensify the selection process, a number of techniques have been proposed, such as the selection of parental forms, the cultivation of seedlings from unripe fruits, scarification, and the like.

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of mineral composition of different culture media on the rhizogenesis crops. Optimal nutritional environment for the early formation of roots in the cultivars of black currant and gooseberry is a medium Corina-Lepoivre, diluted twice. The Murashige-Skoog medium with the diluted two times with mineral-based without the addition of IBA provided the rooting micropolygon raspberry to 66.7-100%, depending on genotype.

When the clonal micropropagation of аpple and pear on the stages of proliferation and rooting in addition to the conventional nutrient medium Quoirin-Lepoivreit is possible to use a complex of mineral substances that can improve the quality of micropolygon, to increase their rooting and adaptability of plants ex vitro, and reduce resource and energy consumption for the production of M_o and greatly simplify the process of reproduction.

Estimation results of rooting degree of remote hybrids soft-wood cuttings of stone crops, promising as clonal stocks, are expounded in the paper. Brief description of the variety-specimens is adduced: Pchelka, Zarechnyi 7-26, G 9-23, Gd 8-30, Cerasus incana × Tomentoza.

Methods of clonal micropropagation in vitro fruit crops, non-traditional small fruit were optimized. Optimal types, concentrations and combinations of growth regulators, mineral substances and carbohydrate promoting intensive propagation of microshoots and rhyzogenesis were confirmed.

Propagation of ornamental plants by green shoots cuttings in the limited volume of a substratum, without additional stimulation rooting by growth regulators, did not reduce rooting and quality of a plant material. Safety of rooting shoots under snow in winter on rooting place by sawdust mulching, depended on biological features of crop. The yield of saplings fast rooting decorative plants in containers has made not less than 90 %.

The article contains the research results of the economic and biological characteristic features of Veteran and Redhaven peach sorts on dwarf clonal rootstocks BBA-1 and Eureka 99 in the foothills of the Crimea.

The article presents the results of studies on reproduction of green cuttings of Lonicera caerulea L. and Ribes aureum Pursh. in the conditions of Tomsk region. Growth regulators have a positive effect on the rooting and development of cuttings of berry crops.

The article presents a comparative analysis of the rooting of cuttings of common olive varieties in Tiflis and Ascolano after processing them with growth stimulants "Kornevin" and "Humified". It was observed the best rooting of сultivar Tiflis cuttings after the treatment "Humified". According to the results of biometric measurements of trunk diameter, crown diameter and growth of plants in height from four pilot pochvosmesey for growing seedlings selected option of fertile soils consisting of marine sand, south of black earth, perlite, compost, peat.

The article gives a brief description of the most ornamental species of apple tree from collection of the Botanical garden of the biological faculty of Moscow State University and shows possible ways of their introduction into culture in vitro with the aim of preserving the gene pool and rapid multiplication by microcloning.

The results of studying 17 varieties of pears of the winter mature period according to the storage period and fruit quality are represented. The research has graduated varieties of Crimean selection with a long term storage, high trade and consumer qualities, perspective in industrial widespread introduction in the Crimea and other southern regions of the country.

The article presents materials on the development of enterprise standards - technical conditions for a new range of canned food and canning of subtropical fruits with the use of new technologies that allow preserving valuable biologically active substances. The information on the assortment of varieties recommended for processing is presented.

Jams with a high content of biologically active substances have been developed at the Nikita Botanical Gardens. Jam from dark-colored fruits of cherry plum and jam experimental are characterized by a high concentration of potassium and the P-active complex "ascorbic acid - flavonoids". Jam from dark-colored fruits of cherry plum is also distinguished by a high content of magnesium - 204.00 mg / kg, copper - 10.18 mg / kg and iron - 36.48 mg / kg. The experimental jam is high calcium content of 398 mg / kg and ascorbic acid is 56.32 mg / 100 g.

A brief review of modern trends in the processing of chanomeles fruits in the production of food and non-alcoholic beverages is given. Such developments are especially active in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, Finland and China. Patents for products from the chanomeles fruits are found in Russia, Ukraine and China. In patented products, the chanomeles fruits are usually used as a dry concentrate for a multivitamin drink, an additive for ice cream, a jelly, a yeast test and a fruit sauce, or as the main product in marmalade and chips.

The estimation data of the prospects the chaеnomeles fruits of two elite forms as a raw material for processing are given. The content of ascorbic acid, common acids, sugars, leucoanthocyanins, flavonols and common phenols in fresh fruits, after storage and freezing, as well as in juice, pomace, syrup and lobules has been studied.

The article presents the materials of the assessment of pomological traits and chemical composition of fruits of five varieties of apricot. The best variety of apricot for the manufacture of dried fruits as well as varieties for the production of jam and puree diet.

Fruits of Chaenomeles are rich in vitamins and biologically active substances with antioxidant properties. With the addition of Chaenomeles fruit in carrot puree and pumpkin «Healthy Eating» flavor of food has been improved, enriched with vitamins and reduced caloric value. Such a food product has valuable antidiabetic qualities and is suitable for curative, preventive and school nutrition.

Studied influence of an antioxidant of 0,01% Ehinolan B₅ in a composition with СО₂ with an exposition 2 hours and the ozone environment on quality of fruits of a pear. It is established, that processing raise an exit of standard production on 7 - 10%, and processing by ozone increases storage period for 1 - 1,5 months.

Some structural-anatomical and biochemical indicators characterized changes in pear fruits during long-term storage are investigated. The positive effect of the ethylene inhibitor Phytomag on the dynamics of fruit maturation processes was revealed.

This work was aimed to study the cellular population of a biofilm formed on porous surface, as well as to investigate a method for its destruction using electrochemically activated solutions. The study was carried out on an experimental stand in the form of a water recirculation system with the possibility for infecting microflora to cultivate the biofilms. As a starting culture, a dried mixture of microorganisms ( Lactococcus lactis , Streptococcus thermophilus , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus helveticus , Propionibacterium freudenreichi i ssp. Shermani ) was applied. The biofilm formation was examined with electron scanning microscopy. Then, the approaches to destroy the bacterial biofilms were studied using electrochemically activated solutions. The analysis of microphotographs showed that electrochemically activated water allows damaging effect on bacterial biofilm. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 17-76-20014.

The results of biochemical and technological evaluation of peach fruits of foreign selection are presented in the article. As a result of research selected promising cultivars for the industrial production of jam, candied fruits and compotes. Biochemical studies have made it possible to identify valuable types of processed products and the best cultivars of foreign selection with a high content of biologically active substances.

The article presents the results of technological evaluation of the quality of products of processing of fruits of nectarine. It is noted that the nectarine fruits are good raw material for the canning industry. The best varieties for cooking stewed fresh fruit (for canning whole fruits) are Obilniy and Flox, as well as hybrid forms of selection of NBG-NSС: Krasnogvardeiskiy 21-5-25 and Konservniy 21-12-39. The best technological qualities in the canning of compotes from fresh fruit (canning slices) of different varieties, on, amber, Flaus and Flox (overall rating 4,7-4,8 points). The best way of the dried fruit showed varieties of Ananasniy and Krasniy (of 27.4 and 36.2%, respectively). The next time you prepare compote of dried fruits was noted that the best tasting qualities of different varieties Beliy, Noviy Beliy, Stanwick-Elruge. In addition, these varieties are not suitable for drying and making compote from the low commercial quality of the finished product. It is noted that the variety of Proxima not well suited for the production of compotes (the taste score of 3.8 points). A minor disadvantage of some varieties is the presence of small amounts of anthocyanin coloration of flesh around the bones, which causes coloration of the syrup and the decline in commodity type of products.

The data on species composition, outspread and a calamity degree of armored scales (Diaspididae) family and scale (Coccoidea) family from homopterous insects (Homoptera) order in industrial and uncultivated gardens of the Crimea are given. It has been defined that California red scale ( Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comst.) dominates. Its quota in armored scales complex in the years 2001 - 2008 has been increased in 1.4 times and in the years 2008-2016 it completely crowded out the other scale species. European fruit scale ( Parthenolecanium corni Bouche) prevails in peach gardens.

The studies, conducted in 2013-2016, showed that green cuttings of berry and ornamental cultures, infected by some pathogens even on the mother plantation, are much worse taking root in the conditions of the greenhouse. Infection of green cuttings with fungus Rhizoctonia solani in the greenhouse adversely affects their rooting, as well as their survival in the process of growing.

Developed an environmentally safe system for the protection of currant from pests using artificially colonized predators and parasitoid in the fight against the most dangerous phytophagous. The use of this system enables to increase the yield of plants and life fruit plantations is 1.5 -2 times.

In honeysuckle stands in Belarus Rhopalomyzus lonicarae Siebold. is a dominant one. Galerucella viburni Payk., Aphis fabae Scop . are the main threat to the European cranberrybush stands. In sea buckthorn stands Capitophorus hippophaes Walk. and Psylla hippophaes Frst. are more spread. The most spread and harmful in red chokeberry stands are the generative organs pests Trachycera (Euphodore) advenella Zinck and Anthonomus conspersus Desb.

Based on 3-year examinations horticultural farm of the Republic it was found that the structure of dominance phytopathogenic microorganisms in young intensive plantations pome cultures by frequency of occurrence, dominiruyushimi species are pathogens apple scab (fungus Venturia inaequalis Wint.), Moniliosis (Monilinia fructigena Aderh. Et Ruhl.) and brownish leaf spot of pear (Diplocarpon maculatum (Atk.) Jost.).

The field tests of the different pheromones for garden pests showed the influence of the material of dispenser on the effectiveness of attracting males of the codling moth and the plum fruit moth into a trap. It was tested new pheromone product for the currant borer , Synanthedon tipuliformis Cl. and showed its effectiveness showing its effectiveness.

Features of diagnostics and prevalence of viruses ArMV, RpRSV, SLRSV, TBRV, RBDV on cultivars of raspberry and strawberry of Moscow area. Viruses contamination of raspberry varieties amounted to 56%, black currants - 16%, gooseberries - 24%, strawberries - 51%. Are revealed virus free plants for the further reproduction.

A comparative evaluation of a biotic potential of a red fruit tick on apple trees is given. The decreasing of a biological effect after repeated use of acaricides and emergence of acaricide-resistant red fruit tick emergence have been discovered. The meaning of a clear reproduction (R_0.> 1), points at ability of population to restore after acaricide Envidor KS, Ortus SP, Sunmight, SP, Demitan 200 SC, Masai, SP use. After use of acaricides Kraft, VDG, Oberon Rapid, KS (R₀)_. < 1, it shows dying of the pest population.