No 144 (1) (2017)
ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ ПЛОДОВЫХ, ЯГОДНЫХ, СУБТРОПИЧЕСКИХ ПЛОДОВЫХ И ОРЕХОПЛОДНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ
5-12 210
Abstract
The long-term studies results of the pear gene pool collection, grown by the subdivisions of the FGBYN “NBS-NNC”, by the main economical and biological features are represented. The most prospective varieties in complex of valuable features for using in selection programs as a source material and industrial intensive planting in Crimea are distinguished.
12-16 194
Abstract
The results of the phytomass of Apple trees, grown in creeping form of cultivation, were studied. Set the distribution of above-ground phytomass of tree fractions. We found that the formation of crown pruning to a 14-year-old age, the tree loses about 30 % of the mass of the crown. The influence on the formation of phytomass sort identity of Apple tree was marked.
16-20 185
Abstract
The collection of nonconventional cultures of fruit growing contains of 300 taxons, among them Cornus mas L. (15 grades), Hippophae rhamnoides L. (11 grades), Lonicera caerulea L. (28 grades), Sorbus aucuparia L. (57 taxons), Viburnum L. (11 grades), Crataegus L. (131 species), Berberis L. (56 species) are of the greatest interest.
20-24 130
Abstract
The results of long - term observations of the seasonal rhythms of growth and development of fruit plants which are introduced in arid conditions of the West Kazakhstan.
24-28 184
Abstract
The new female varieties Dachnaya and Tayozhnyy Dar and male varietie Solnechniy of Aсtinidia arguta (Siebold ex Zucc.) Planch.ex Miq. with improved winter hardiness and other valuable traits were created. The variety-pollinator Solnechniy has a long and abundant flowering. The cv. Dachnaya and Tayozhnyy Dar havethe characteristics of high yields, large fruits, high-quality fruits.
28-32 238
Abstract
It is necessary to achieve the accession and expansion of the Moscow apricots gene pool. For this purpose, two expeditions have been conducted to Central Asia: in 2012 to Kyrgyzstan and in 2014 to Tajikistan. The diversity of apricots and their resistance to fungi diseases were investigated. The collected seeds were sown in the nursery of Vladimir region. Now the apricot seedlings are tasted in Moscow and adjacent regions.
32-36 147
Abstract
The article presents the results on formation and study of gene pool of pears in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk region. The promising forms are chosen for industrial cultivation, Amateur gardening and as the source of seeds for rootstock.
36-40 143
Abstract
The main economic and biological indicators of apple varieties and forms had been studied. Samples that are suitable for use in breeding as donors were marked out. These samples have the following features: compactness of crown, short stature of wood, early ripeness, early and late maturation and weight of fruit, yield and resistance to fungal diseases.
41-45 212
Abstract
The time of flowering, the maturation period, the early fertility, the yield, the regularity of fruiting, the quality of the fruits of the plum varieties in the collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens were studied. Genotypes of interest for use in breeding for increasing the productivity of varieties are identified.
46-49 153
Abstract
The analysis of fruiting, large-fruited apple varieties in the memorial part of the Botanical garden Sun. M. Krutovsky, characterized by different geographical origin, selection and ripening of the fruit. Found that many instances had a high productivity in the age of 112 years, which is indicative of their good adaptation ability.
49-54 143
Abstract
The article presents the results of years of work of breeders of the NBS for the introduction and formation of gene fond and breeding of the southern fruit crops. The history of the gene fond, its structural composition and the results of breeding work on breeding of new cultivars, as well as achievements on the development of intensive agricultural technologies are shown. The tasks for raising of horticulture in accordance with the "Program of agricultural development of Crimea until 2025", developed by specialists of the NBS are seted.
54-58 175
Abstract
The article says about the necessity of registration of centers for collective use of unique scientific or plants for more effective utilization of bio-resource collections on the example of the USI GF of FSBSI Sverdlovsk breeding station of horticulture of ARHIBAN.
58-63 153
Abstract
The article presents the results of the features of the phenology of Mahonia aquifolium in the conditions of the Belgorod region depending on the weather characteristics of the year. A positive relationship was established between the dates of the beginning of vegetation of the mahogany and the sum of the accumulated effective temperatures at the beginning of this phase.
63-67 146
Abstract
This article discusses the creation, study and conservation of the genetic collection of garden plants in the ARHIBAN. The most promising cultivars are presented. An important role of the Institute's selection achievements in the improvement of collections and industrial assortment of fruit and berry crops in the Central region of Russia was noted.
67-71 193
Abstract
Spring frosts, drought, scab and fire blight pathogenes are the main stress-factors for pome crops under the conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine. As a result of genepool studying the varieties-carriers of complex adaptivity signs have been detected: apple - Delicious Spur, Malakhit, Prima, Start, Florina, pear - Victoria, Vesilna, Katusha, Kirgizskaya Zimnyaya, Noyabrskaya, Pectoral, Posmishka, Provintsialka, Starcrimson, Talgarskaya Krasavitsa.
71-75 171
Abstract
There are the data about Rubus in vitro collection at VIR and the first results of raspberry cultivars cryopreservation by droplet-vitrification method shown in this article.
75-79 165
Abstract
In the mountains of the Western Tien-Shan (southern Kyrgyzstan) are studied by us in the world, in terms of area and variety of arboreal shrub plants, walnut-fruit forests. In the forests grow walnut, pistachio, almonds, apple, pear, plum, hawthorn, grapes, sea-buckthorn, currant, barberry and other fruit and forest species. On the diversity of the species composition of fruit plants, the Western Tien-Shan has much in common with other mountain regions of Central Asia, which is considered to be the center of origin and the depository of genetic resources of a large number of now cultivated fruit plants. Many of the ancient local varieties of such crops as walnut, apple, apricot, plum, grapes, pomegranate, almonds grown by the population in mountainous areas have a surprising similarity with their wild relatives from mountain forests.
79-83 227
Abstract
Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) has large collection of apple (Malus Mill.) genetic resources. The collection is kept in six Experimental stations located in different ecological and geographical areas of Russian Federation: in the North-West, in the Lower Volga region, in the North Caucasus, in the Primorsky Territory. From 1925 to 2017 the Institute staff collected and studied 3840 samples of Malus species and varieties. The collection includes wild species, landraces and modern apple varieties and hybrids from Russia, Eastern and Western Europe, America and Asia. During the study of the collection, the sources of economically valuable traits were selected and recommended for breeding.
83-87 222
Abstract
The genetic collection of the pear in the Institute for Fruit Growing is described in this article. Together with other cultures (fruit, berry and walnut), it is recognized as a national treasure of the Republic of Belarus. As of 01.06.2017, the basic collection of pears consists of 717 samples of different genetic and geographical origin. Samples of the pear are stored in the field genebank. They are used to implement the institute's breeding program.
87-91 148
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of micro-nutrients i.e. Boric acid (H3BO3) and Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) on the fruit quality characters of Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) var. Langra. Maximum value for (TSS) Total Soluble Solids (18.50%) was observed in treatment (T4)1% H3BO3 + 1.2% ZnSO4 followed by (18.25%) in treatment (T1) 0.8% H3BO3 and in treatment (T6) 1.2% ZnSO4 it was (17.57%) respectively. The maximum amount of Vitamin-C (54.3 mg/100g) was measured in the treatment (T4) as compared to control (94.7 mg/100g). Maximum Total Sugars (51.08%) were found in (T5) 1% ZnSO4 as compared to control (45.0%).Whereas, Reducing Sugars were in non-significant range but found highest (19.30%) in (T1).
91-98 145
Abstract
An experiment was conducted at Post Graduate Research Station (PARS), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan to investigate the effect of micronutrients i.e. (B & Zn.) on vegetative and reproductive growth of mango ( Mangifera indica L.) variety Langra. The maximum flushes (686) were emerged in the plants treated with treatment (T1) 0.8% H3BO3 as compared to control (572). Whereas the maximum panicles (433) were emerged in the plants treated with (T4) 1% H3BO3 & 1.2% ZnSO4 as compared to control (305) and T1 (362) respectively. The analysis showed that maximum yield/plant (52.60 kg) was recorded in the treatment T1 as compared to control (40-57 kg).
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ, МЕТОДЫ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СЕЛЕКЦИИ ПЛОДОВЫХ, ЯГОДНЫХ, СУБТРОПИЧЕСКИХ ПЛОДОВЫХ И ОРЕХОПЛОДНЫХ КУЛЬТУР
98-102 196
Abstract
The results of many-years studying new varieties and hybrids of Nikitsky botanical garden are selected have been given. Some varieties have been recommended for introduction for Crimea and south of Russia: Dachnaya, Znahidka, Mriya, Novorichnaya, Oktyabrina, Osenniy Suvenir, Sladkaya. Their characteristics have been given. They meet the latest international requirements commercial horticulture imposed on quince varieties of intensive type.
102-105 156
Abstract
The use of models for assessing the quality of walnut fruit has a number of characteristics. Their unaccountability leads to errors. In order to avoid inaccuracies, the restrictions should be applied for minimum and maximum scoring.
106-109 169
Abstract
Chestnut is a valuable nut tree species. Its plantations are considerably damaged by fungal diseases. Selection of individuals without visible signs of diseases with large fruits was carried out. A burled wood form was identified.
110-113 175
Abstract
This article presents the results of hybridization of introduced varieties (Skoroplodnaya, Puteshestvennitsa, Cometa kubanskaya, Baracan, etc.) with Belarusian varieties and forms of myrobalan cultural. The high selective value of the Belarusian inter-species hybrid 18/1 (P. cerasifera × P. ussuriensis) and Skoroplodnaya variety in the creation of high-resistant varieties and promising hybrids of myrobalan cultural. Offspring of the Puteshestvennitsa variety is characterized by the presence of transgressive seedlings by the quality of the fruit.
113-118 169
Abstract
The publication presents the results of years of work of GBU Institute "Zhigulevskie gardens" (former Kuibyshev experimental station for horticulture) for selection of fruit and berry crops. Historical resources show the development of horticulture in the Samara region, the change in the varietal composition of plantations through the activities of the breeders of the Institute, expanding the range of fruit, berry and specialty crops.
Experience of use of local varieties in the selection of the prunus domestica in the south of russia
119-123 177
Abstract
In the Krymsk EBS, VIR Branch with the use of local varieties of the South of Russia, Izum Еrik and Gorkusha №.1, new varieties of Prunus domestica are introduced, combining resistance to unfavorable environmental factors with high consumer and dried fruit fruits. In various regions of Russia and a number of foreign countries (Belarus, the USA, the Netherlands), well established clonal plum rootstocks, in particular VVA-1.
123-127 187
Abstract
The data on modern state of pears assortment in condition humid subtropics to Russia are presented in the article. The detailed estimation varieties of pears are organized on main component and their comparative feature, as between itself, so and with regionized varieties. Based on the achievements of breeding the new perspective varieties with high ecological plasticity, resistance to disease, productivity and other economically valuable traits are offered.
127-133 175
Abstract
The article sums up the results of 35 years of introduction and selection work in the field of fruit crops of the steppe horticulture laboratory located in the steppe zone of the Crimea. During this period 2000taxes, cultivars and forms of fruit crops from different countries were introduced and studied. Sources of valuable signs were selected for use as parental forms. As a result of the selection programs, 63cultivars of stone and pomes fruits were created, including apricot - 13, plum - 6, peach - 16, sweet cherry - 13, cherry - 1, apple - 3, pears - 4 and quince - 7. There were 52 cultivarsin the Register of Breeding Achievements, 31cultivarswerepatented, and 16 Certificates of registration of gene pool samples for hybrids have been obtained. Cultivars of fruit crops created in the laboratory of steppe horticulture are characterized by high yield, fruits of high commodity, technological and consumer qualities, relative winter hardiness, adaptability to arid conditions of the steppe Crimea and tolerance to main fungal diseases. They surpass the existing analogs for a number of economically valuable features and are quite competitive with foreign cultivars.
134-138 250
Abstract
There were developed 105 DNA-passports of apple accessions of different genetic and geographical origin of the national collection of genetic resources of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes of the RUE "Institute for Fruit Growing". There is established the basis for creating a database of molecular-genetic passports of fruit crops in Belarus.
138-142 177
Abstract
The influence of some ecological factors on the yield of two peach cultivars for a long period in the steppe Crimea was analyzed. Studies were performed by field and laboratory methods. The greatest correlation was found between “the total rainfall” and “the yield” of cultivars Posol Mira and Osvezhayuschiy, 0.5 and 0.23 respectively. A significant negative correlation (-0.44) was observed between “the yield” and “the average daily air temperature” during the period of generative rudiments differentiation in the preceding year. According to all the correlation parameters being compared, Posol Mira showed greater dependence on the analyzed environmental factors than the Osvezhayuschiy, which confirms his higher demand to the farming practices of cultivation.
142-150 171
Abstract
The report presents the results of sorting and selection of plums of various species in the Central Region of the Russian Federation. The varieties with the most optimal combination of economically valuable characters are singled out and a brief description is given. The varieties and forms of plum are determined, which give winter hardy progeny.
СОРТОИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЛОДОВЫХ, ЯГОДНЫХ, СУБТРОПИЧЕСКИХ ПЛОДОВЫХ И ОРЕХОПЛОДНЫХ КУЛЬТУР (ПОМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ, БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ДРУГИЕ АСПЕКТЫ)
151-154 184
Abstract
The article presents a comparative analysis of the water-holding ability of leaves of three-year-old seedlings of varieties and forms of apricot of different ecological and geographical origin. It is shown that the most intensive loss of moisture (90%) in apricot seedlings occurs within 14-16 hours, so the 16 hour duration of the test is recognized as sufficient to assess their water retention capacity. A noticeable difference between the seedlings appears after 8 hours of testing, of which the samples of Dagestan origin lose the least moisture, which implies greater resistance to drought of varieties of the Iranian-Caucasian group relative to the varieties of other eco-geographic groups.
154-158 121
Abstract
The results of studying morphological features of strawberry varieties are presented, average long-term data of phenological observations are given, and varieties are evaluated for the quality of berries. The most promising varieties for use in the selection process and introduction into industrial production are identified.
158-164 128
Abstract
Long-term researches on a grade-studying of the introduced and domestic grades have given the chance of creation of base and a basis for selection work. Perspective grades Dolinsky, Nur, Nadiya and the elite D-3, DN-4 forms on a peach and TSh-2-17, T-8-1 elite forms on an apricot are received (they are more than 30). They are allocated on a complex of economic and valuable signs and can adequately be used in import substitution.
164-166 182
Abstract
This article presents the yield and economically valuable indicators of introduced hazelnut varieties under the conditions of the Sheki-Zagatala zone. Found that Martarella (23.0 kg), Tondo vi Fonni (21.0 kg), Sanviovanni Klark (16.6 kg), Ennis (14.5 kg) are the most productive. The output of the kernel of the varieties under study varies from 43.0-72.0%.
166-171 130
Abstract
The article presents results of commodity and consumer quality of fruit the new breeding forms and varieties of peach in the conditions of southern coast of Crimea. According to the commodity-consumer qualities, for consumption mainly fresh, the variety UFO and the forms of Krasnomyasy 6-6, Maryanovskiy Konservny 21-19-31, 1123-89 Decorativny, 1080-89 White-flowered, Astronaut 65-635, which exceed the standard control Varieties Pushisty Ranniy, Krymskiy Feierverk, Redhaven. They are recommended for further study and testing in industrial gardens of Crimea and the south of Russia.
171-175 167
Abstract
The authors determined the content of sugars, titrable acids, pectin and tannin, vitamin C, macro - and microelements in fruits of the ebony ( Diospyros kaki L.) of the Zendzhi-Maher, Khiakume and Khachia, growing in Dagestan. The research showed that an environment of the Southern flat fruit subband of Dagestan promotes accumulation in fetuses of a persimmon of valuable nutrients and the level of their accumulation is substantially caused by high-quality features.
175-179 162
Abstract
In the conditions of frosty winters of 2006 and 2016, The stability of varieties of apple, of different ecological and genetic origin is studied (European - Pinova, Piccolo, Gloucester, Geneva Early, North American - Williams Pride, Enterprise, Hanny Crisp, East Asian - Fuji, Sansa, Australian - Breburn, Granny Smith, Pink Lady) to frosts. A direct relationship between the duration of the growing season of the variety and its resistance to this stressor.
179-182 161
Abstract
It is confirmed that the plum - reed aphid ( Hyalopterus pruni Georg.) is the most common and harmful species damaging plum in the Nort-West region of Russia. The dynamics of its hamar fullness on different cultivars and methods of resistance to aphid fut presented. The sources of the crop resistance to plum - reed aphid are indicated.
182-186 154
Abstract
The paper presents data for studing biochemical composition and antioxidant activity of raspberry fruits from gene pool under the circumstances the Central Chernozem Zone (Michurinsk). Varietal differences for accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, titrable acidity, ascorbic acid, anthocyanins and other components were shown. The singled out varieties are the sources of higher contents of nutrients and BAS in fruits. The following varieties are promising for improved biochemical composition: Heracl, Balsam, Zolotaya osen, Evrazia, Kokinskaya, Peresvet, Brilliantovaya, Elegantnaya.
186-190 266
Abstract
Presents the results of physiological and biochemical studies of Apple varieties with different resistance to scab in drought conditions. Identified the most significant parameters causing the adaptive resistance of Apple plants to drought and scab. It is found that increasing immunnity varieties positively affects its resistance to drought, increases its ecological plasticity.
191-193 118
Abstract
In the harsh conditions of the highlands of Dagestan, where cultivars do not grow, at an altitude of 1750 m above sea level, the most frost-resistant northern Ural varieties of apple and pear are tested, while maintaining high quality fruits.
193-196 108
Abstract
The study results of fruiting of apple cultivars in the one-cultivar blocks are presented. It was determined that apple cultivars Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Orlik and Sinap Orlovskiy did not reduce the yield under the remoteness from the pollinator from each side of the row at the distance up to 112 m. It allows placing the cultivars by blocks with the row length up to 220-230 m and with the pollinators in both ends of the row.
196-200 119
Abstract
Structural and functional features of Malus domestica Borkh cells cultured in Kabardino-Balkaria at different altitudes were studied. It is shown that the conditions for the growth of fruit trees have a significant effect on the structural organization and functional characteristics of the cells. The adaptive value of the mountain fruits of the complexes - the "triad" of the three organelles - chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes - is being discussed in the work. Most likely "triad" is of an adaptive nature, it helps protect the fruits from high UV radiation and sudden temperature fluctuations, increasing their antioxidant status.
200-203 133
Abstract
The estimation of varieties and perfect forms of strawberry for resistance to adverse environmental factors, productivity, consumer qualities of the fruit was studied. The varieties Privlekatelnaya, Pamyati Zubova, Flora, Lastochka and elite form of strawberries 35-5 (922-67 x Maryshka) and 56-5 (Gigantella x Privlekatelnaya), which characterized by high winter hardiness, drought resistance, large fruit of sweet taste was obtained.
203-207 191
Abstract
Results of biochemical and processingdates of fruits of new cultivar-clones of Malus sieversii growing in the collection fund of Institute of Botany and Phytointroductionin Almaty are presented. Cultivar-clones with high content of bioactive substanses for use in selection and processings were revealed.
207-211 222
Abstract
The Voronezh State University of Agriculture conducted long-term research on sorting and selection of apricots. There is a brief description of the varieties recommended for the production testing of horticultural farms in the Voronezh region and the evaluation of selected forms for important economic-utility characteristics and properties.
211-214 232
Abstract
Biological products: biofertilizers, bioinsecticides, biostimulants growth and development of plants, immunomodulators, biofertilizer become more and more popular and necessary means of obtaining environmentally safe food.The variety of domestic biopreparations are able to fully support the potential of varietal properties of agricultural plants and to minimize the damage from adverse weather conditions.
214-218 128
Abstract
High accuracy of application of phenoclimatographic models in determining the dates of rest completion and beginning of flowering for sweet cherry in soil and climatic conditions of South Steppe of Ukraine is proved. Established limit values for CU (chill unit) and GDH (growing degree hour) indicators can be used for selection of varieties of fruit crops with late time of rest completion, as well as a criterion of plant resistance to negative effects of spring frosts.
219-222 130
Abstract
The article presents the results of the assessment of intra- and interspecific hybridization of the genus Prunus L. in the conditions of the Mountain Botanical Garden. It was conducted 5707 crosses in which 1149 fruits were formed and 74 riped during the period from 2013 till 2016 at of experimental bases. Among interspecific crosses good fruit set and ripening was observed in crosses of species Microcerasus Webb section with other species of the genus Prunus .
222-226 115
Abstract
The seasonal dynamics of phenolic compounds total content, flavonols content and polyphenol oxidase activity in olive cultivars leaves with different degree of frost resistance was studied. The dependence between the change in the flavonols concentration, the polyphenol oxidase activity and the resistance degree of the studied varieties was revealed.
227-235 180
Abstract
Evaluation of the current status of the pear growing in the Crimea is represented. Based on the long-term studies results of Nikita botanical garden researches the perspective ways for intensification of the industrial pear growing using new technological design of the production and storage are proposed. Using in pear growing new competitive adapted varieties and technologies will increase profitability of the pear gardens in Crimea.
235-239 126
Abstract
The fruits of the all investigated plum species of the North-West region of Russia during the whole period of their formation and maturation had been infected by Monilia cinerea. It has been selected 16 resistant varieties with a score of 1 lesion and 45 varieties with weakly susceptible score 2 lesions.
239-243 152
Abstract
Рectin substances of 10 black currant varieties was studied in the environments of NothWestern Russia. It was revealed that the berries of black currant contain 0,551 - 0,904% of pectins in this region. Among the pectin substances, the protopectin fraction is predominant. It is on average 63,6% of the total amount of pectin. Cultivars Krasa L’vova and Vospominanie were characterized by a stable content of pectins. The berries of the studied varieties contain a relatively low level of pectin. For this reason it can be used for making juices, compotes and jams.
243-247 111
Abstract
The work covers study results of the feature fig and jujuba collections. The cultivars characterized with a complex of economically valuable parameters were marked out in the course of the research: early ripening term, large tasty fruits, higher concentration of biologically active substances, high and annual crop capacity. The most valuable cultivars are recommended for propagation and cultivation in favorable for this crop regions. Parthenocarpic fig cultivars can be used as a covering or tub crop.
247-250 108
Abstract
Biochemical indicators of quality of berries of the wild strawberry of 8 grades growing in the foothill zone KBR are presented. Distinction of grades of a wild strawberry on the chemical composition is revealed that is caused by their high-quality features and weather conditions developing during maturing of berries. As a result of researches grades Alba, Maya, Eros, Darselekt as complex sources in selection on the maintenance of various elements are allocated.
ISSN 2712-7788 (Print)
