As a result of the tasting assessment of peach processing products: compotes, jam, slices in syrup, confiture, puree, the best quality of products was obtained from four cultivars and forms. An increased content of biologically active substances was determined in compote made from two cultivars; in jam - from one cultivar and form; in the product slices in syrup - two cultivars and shapes; in confiture – one form; in puree – one cultivar. When comparing the content of biologically active substances in fresh peach fruits and products of its processing, it was found that in canned food the content of dry substances on average for cultivars was significantly higher than in fresh fruits. The amount of ascorbic acid was higher in fresh fruits than in processed ones. The content of titratable acidity in both cultivars was approximately the same (0.3–0.4%), with the exception of the product of slices in syrup, in which the concentration of titratable acids was the highest. The amount of total phenolic compounds in fresh fruits was higher than in processed products, with the exception of jam, in which their amount was the largest.

The article provides a brief history of the formation of the assortment of pome and berry crops in various periods of the development of the Crimean fruit growing. The Russian scientists who have made an invaluable contribution to the development of the Crimean industrial horticulture, who have accumulated enormous work experience and rich source material, are presented. The role of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station and the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens in the creation and study of gene pool collections of apple, pear, strawberry and raspberry is shown, which is a long and time-consuming process that requires many years of effort and careful analysis. The results of long-term research on the breeding of new cultivars of pome and berry crops are presented. These studies are of great importance for the development of horticulture in the Crimea and contribute to improving the economic situation and meeting consumer needs. More than 100 cultivars of pome and berry crops have been created, of which 18 cultivars of apple, 17 – pear, 9 – strawberry, 2 – raspberry and 1 – dogwood are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The cultivars are very popular with gardeners, have high commercial and taste qualities of fruits, yield, are drought-resistant and resistant to diseases. In the collected gene pool collections, numbering 231 cultivars of apple, 190 – pears, 60 – strawberries, 60 – raspberries, sources of valuable economic and biological traits for use in breeding programs have been identified. The economic and biological assessment of the zoned and promising cultivars of apple, pear, strawberry and raspberry created at the station and in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens is given. The cultivars selected according to their valuable characteristics are recommended for introduction into production and use in breeding work.

Modern methods of fruit storage are designed to solve the main problem - to smooth the seasonality in fruit consumption and increase the efficiency of their production. Natural conditions of the Republic of the Crimea are very favorable for growing high-quality competitive fruits of apple and pear of late ripening dates of domestic and foreign breeding, which have a long storage period, high taste, marketable and chemical qualities, and therefore suitable for health, children's and dietary nutrition. Modern intensive horticulture is constantly undergoing changes. New technological developments appear, the assortment is improved. This article presents the results of long-term research of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station on the issues of long-term storage and processing of fruit and berry products in the Crimea. The complex methodology of determining the optimal indicators of fruit removal intended for long-term storage has been improved. The optimal dates of fruit harvesting of the studied cultivars of apple and pear were determined. It was established that timely removal allows to increase yield by 10-30% and yield of fruits of the highest and first marketable cultivars due to daily increase in their weight, as well as to reduce total losses during storage in 1.5-2.5 times. Optimal temperaturehumidity and gas regimes have been selected according to storage technologies for apple, pear, plum, peach, cherry, black currant and strawberry fruits under conditions of conventional, regulated and modified gas environments. The maturity coefficient was established for a number of zoned cultivars, depending on the growing zone. The economic efficiency of fruit storage in regulated gas environment was evaluated and the advantage of this method was substantiated. Refrigerators with controlled atmosphere packing (CAP) make it possible to store fruits of seed crops until the new harvest (2-3 months longer in comparison with conventional storage) with higher marketable and flavor qualities. Thus, the maximum storage period of apples of cultivars Fuji, Golden Delicious, Pink Lady, Brebern, Jonagold, Tavria, Predgornoye in CAP was 250-270 days with a yield of standard fruit 98.0-99.8% and taste qualities 4.5-5.0 points.

The article presents the results on the study of seasonal rhythms of growth and development of 11 cultivars of apple trees in the arid conditions of Mangistau. According to the results of long-term phenoobservations (2013-2020), in the studied cultivars, the spring phenophases of vegetative organs (bud break, leaf separation, the beginning and end of shoot growth) have significantly different timing of the onset of phenophases than the phenophases of generative organs (blooming of flower buds, budding, beginning and end of flowering), i.e. the spring phenophases of generative organs are less subject to fluctuations in phenodates over the years of observations. The duration of plant growth and shoot growth also differed. Under the conditions of Mangistau, according to biometric indicators, the most promising cultivars are: Zolotoe prevoskhodnoe, Stolovka, Renet Burkhardt, Askar, which are characterized by low differences in phenodates, good tree development (especially in Stolovka cultivar).

Peaches have been grown in Moscow since 1984 at the Main Botanical Garden of the RAS, then in the territories of monasteries in Moscow, the Moscow region and the Vladimir region. Propagation is carried out by sowing own seeds. At present the trees of the III own generation of peaches bear fruits and the IV generation is growing. 2 cultivars of peach are registered in the State Register – Pijon and Vratar, several promising cultivars with excellent fruit qualities have been received and 4 forms of peach have been obtained, resistant to curlyleaves. When comparing the physiology of peach with apricot, interesting differences between these related genera were revealed. It turned out that there were more positive qualities for the peach. The main advantage of the peach is its higher threshold of sensitivity to positive temperatures, the peach is not as quick as the apricot in reacting to the thaw, and the peach is less affected by the bark rotting. The peach has a longer endodormancy period, it blossoms later. All peaches are self-fertilized or partially self-fertilized. The main disadvantage of peach is its low frost resistance. Differences between peaches and nectarines are noted. The germination rate of nectarine seeds is almost 2 times higher than the germination of peach seeds. 

Forms of the subgenus Typocerasus Focke with high winter hardiness and disease resistance, with improved consumer qualities, have been identified. Select the best genotypes to form a characteristic collection and improve the breeding process of cherries (Cerasus vulgaris Mill.) and sweet cherries (Cerasus avium L.).

Winter hardiness was studied in the field over many years of experience in years with the most critical temperature conditions for cherries. Resistance to fungal diseases Monilia cinerea Bonord and Coccomyces hiemalis Higg. studied during the years of epiphytotics.

The results of a study of winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases of 43 interspecific hybrid forms of the subgenus Typocerasus Focke are presented. As a result of the study, 15 forms of East Asian cherry were selected, combining a high level of winter hardiness of vegetative buds, bark, wood and flower buds and high resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis, which formed the basis of the characteristic collection. The consumer qualities of the studied forms are determined.

The identified cherry species and hybrids are of interest for the creation of winter-hardy cherry varieties with high resistance to fungal diseases on a fundamentally new genetic basis.

The purpose of the study: to analyze the scientific and technical literature, to identify trends in the world production of Cydonia oblonga Mill. and prospects for its breeding in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. The article uses official data from the FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Statistics Division). In addition, the websites of the Federal State Statistics Service and the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Gossortocommission" – the State Register of Breeding Achievements - were used. Results: in the period from 2000 to 2021, there was a significant increase in the area of quince cultivation from 47,580 to 75,894 hectares. In proportion to the growth of the areas occupied by culture, world production also increased from 427364 to 697563 tons. The leading quince producing countries in the period from 2000 to 2021 are Turkey, China, Uzbekistan, Iran, Morocco, Azerbaijan, Argentina, Serbia, Spain, Montenegro. The most efficient quince production is in Turkey (24.2 t/ha), as well as in Uzbekistan (17.9 t/ha) and Morocco (17.2 t/ha). In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the area of cultivation, yield, and gross harvest of quince. Asia occupies a leading position in production, there is a slight increase in production in Africa, there is no growth in America, in Europe there has been a slight decline in the production of quince fruits and the area of its cultivation.

The collection of quince of FSFIS «NBG-NSC» has more than 200 cultivars and forms and about 1800 hybrids. Among them, cultivars and forms bearing a complex of economically valuable traits have been selected, which are recommended for further study and introduction into production, as well as for use in breeding programs. Six cultivars are included in the State Register of cultivars of the Russian Federation suitable for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. 35 promising breeding forms have been identified from the hybrid fund for a complex of useful economic and biological traits.