The relationship dynamics of the intensity of transpiration of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana with photosynthesis, pine needles temperature and some environmental factors in the process of active plant growth in the Southern Coast of the Crimea was examined. The display function response of transpiration to environmental factors allowed to determine the optima of these dependencies, and to obtain numerical coefficients of nonlinear regression equations for their correlations. During the period of active growth of the plant (June and September), the intensity of transpiration and the studied environmental factors changed: transpiration intensity - by 53.34%, air temperature - by 17.86%, air humidity level - by 42.86% and illumination - by 35.72%. Critical value of optimal temperature of phytosynthesis and transpiration. P. nigra subsp. pallasiana has a high potential for acclimatization at elevated ambient temperatures. The critical temperature of pine needles for this species is 38°C. The relative speed of xylary flow in the plant shoot and changes in its diameter combine the indicators of available moisture in the soil for the plant and the parameters of the environment. The data obtained allow us to interpret the intensity of transpiration as a potential ecological and physiological characteristic of this species. There is an opportunity to compare the results of our research with known from literary sources for the various species and subspecies of pines growing in similar climatic conditions using identical techniques.

When optimizing the relief at the top of the trapezoidal sulfide-containing mine dump, young soil (embryozem) was formed as a result of abio- and biotic factors. In parallel with the formation of embryozems, primary succession processes are developing. As a result, the species composition of vegetation, the staging and intensity of progressive succession were studied depending on the mesorelief of dumps in accordance with the weathering and soil formation processes developing over time. The properties and indicators of young soil in depressions and sulfide rock (control) 25 years after the completion of the dumping of the rock pile were studied. As a result of optimization at the top of the dump, the processes of formation of embryozems in the depressions are significantly accelerated.

Aim. Identify patterns of temporal changes in the parameters of the atmospheric and soil climates of humid subtropics. Methods. The dynamics of air and soil temperature and precipitation are analyzed in the long-term and seasonal cycles with respect to the climatic normal, which is considered as a quantitative characteristic of the conditions of pedogenesis and climate variability over time. Results. The data on air temperature, precipitation and soil temperature yellow soils, formed in a subtropical wet-forest soil bioclimatic area are analyzed. It is shown that the average annual air temperature in 2001 - 2018 exceeded the climatic normal by 0,7°C, the annual precipitation increased by 104 mm. Modern warming leads to a change in the temperature regime of yellow soils. The average annual soil temperature at the beginning of the XXI century increased from 0,5°С at the depth of 320 cm to 0,9°С at the depth of 20 cm. The sum of active soil temperatures above 10°С at the depth of 20 cm increased by 283°С. Main conclusions. In the modern period, a change in the atmospheric and soil climate towards warming is observed in the zone of distribution of yellow soils of humid subtropics of Russia, accompanied by an increase in precipitation. Warming is most pronounced in the summer season and is practically not observed in the winter season. It is characterized by an increase in air and soil temperature throughout its profile, an increase in the sum of active temperatures. The revealed climate changes make it possible to re-evaluate the soil and agroclimatic resources of the Russian subtropics for agriculture and forestry.

The state of the wood trunk tissue of trees Cupressus sempervirens 'Stricta', Morus nigra L., Magnólia grandiflóra L., Carpinus orientalis Mill., growing in the Park of the Educational center "Sirius" (Sochi) was determined with the use of complex acoustic ultrasound tomography ARBOTOM® ABT05-S. It was revealed that these species were characterized by a significant differentiation in the degree of damage to bracket fungi. Low level of phytopathogenic damage was observed in Carpinus orientalis . The trunk wood of Morus nigra was characterized by the highest rates of phytopathogenic damage. The negative impact of bracket fungi is one of the most significant factors that reduce vital functions and reduce the life of many species of woody plants. Phytopathogenic damage to wood and trunk rot formation and voids have an impact on the growth and development of plants, reducing their life time, and can lead to death and fall of a tree, which within the urban environment is a potential danger to people.

The old English ivy cultivar ‘Rugosa’ is found as a relic of cultivation in Nikitsky Botanical Garden. Authors revealed that ‘Rugosa’ together with a few ivy cultivars introduced by early heads of the Garden has survived since the 19^th century where the layout of the park had not been changed. At the same time ‘Rugosa’ has disappeared from key collections in UK and probably from mainland European collections as well. The clone from Nikitsky Garden fits the unique set of characters of ‘Rugosa’ having heterophylly, mostly deltoid leaves, large palmate leaves with shield-shaped central lobes, gold, dust-like coloration of the palmate leaves, wrinkled surface in three-lobed leaves, at least in some cases. The structure of trichomes shows ‘Rugosa’ belongs to Hedera helix , not to H. hibernica. The rediscovery of the lost historic English cultivar ‘Rugosa’ is an important event in the history of horticulture and for those that are concerned about the preservation of garden plant diversity.

The objective of the research is the identification of dominant species of phytophagans and the determination of species composition of causative agents of phytopathogenic diseases of garden group of miniature rose cultivars. Methods of research . Species composition of pests was studied by visual inspection of generative and vegetative organs 1 time in 7-10 days. Samples of affections were analyzed under a binocular microscope in the laboratory. The frequency of pests’ occurrence was determined on a 3-point scale. The assessment of garden roses infestation with fungal diseases was carried out on a natural infectious background on a 5-point scale. Results and discussions. The study was performed on 49 cultivars, of which 46 were introduced species, 3 cultivars were of breeding of the Nikitsky Gardens. As a result of the research, three species of phytophagans belonging to three orders of the class Insecta - Homoptera , Lepidoptera Acarina were revealed. Green rose aphid (Macrosiphum rosae L.), rose moth (Archips rosana L.), twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) were most commonly observed during the growing season. In 2016, the focus of reproduction of an invasive species - cattony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell) was found for the first time on the cultivar of the miniature group Rouletii. The species composition of pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases was identified, the most harmful of which are: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr)). Lev.), black spot (Marsonina rosae (Lib.) Died, rust (Phragmidium tuberculosis J.). Conclusion. The cultivars that are resistant to fungal diseases mainly dominated in the garden group of miniature roses. For the stable expression of this feature, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for cultivation: the use of preventive sprays with biological preparations or low-risk pesticides and compliance with the regime of agricultural activities. On the base of complex cultivar study, cultivar evaluation and phytosanitary evaluation of roses of the miniature garden group of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens’ collection, an assortment for flower decoration was developed, including 46 cultivars for group planting, which can be recommended for landscaping parks, squares, streets in the populated areas of the Crimea.

The objective of the research is to assess the species diversity of entomoacarocomplex of phytophagans of park cenoses of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, to identify dominant species and to determine the factors controlling their number and distribution. The research methods are the following: biological survey, visual inspection, pheromone traps, the definition of species by morphological characteristics. During the period from 2005 to 2018, the species composition of the entomoacarocomplex of phytophagans of ornamental crops in the parks of the Southern Coast of the Crimea has changed significantly under the influence of abiotic factors, anthropogenic load, development of tourism, business relations, increase in introduction works, change in the assortment of pesticides. Currently, the fauna of arthropods in the parks is represented by 55 species of phytophagans from 7 orders and 23 families, which include aboriginal, introduced and invasive species. Systematically phytophagans are sorted as follows: order Homoptera - 30 species, Hemiptera - 2, Hymenoptera - 1, Lepidoptera - 10, order Diptera - 2, Coleoptera - 7, Acariformes - 3 species. Homoptera order remains the most numerous in the number of species, which accounts for 54.5% of the total number of phytophagans. The dominant species among the local species are euonymus scale, viburnum scale, osier spittlebug, pistache marginal gall aphids, twospotted spider mite. Uncontrolled import of planting material from the European countries has led to the emergence of invasive species with high bio-potential, environmental plasticity, aggressiveness and causing invasions in the parks of the Southern Coast, which leads to the death of plants of local flora and introducents. Currently, 12 invasive species of pests have adapted on the territory of the Crimean parks. The process of invasions continues; it will lead to significant changes in the species composition of phytophagans.

The paper analyzes the adaptive abilities of black currant cultivars of plants for the assimilation of nickel from highly cultivated sod-podzolic soils containing 10.7-14.1 mg / kg of fluent nickel. Plantings were monitored at experimental plantings of ARHIBAN (Moscow region) on 9 black currant cultivars: Oryol Serenade, Belarusskaja sladkaja, Zagadka, Vologda, Triton, Biryulevskaya, Titania, Orlowsky waltz, Exotica. The agrochemical properties of the soil, the content of fluent nickel in the soil, and its content in the fruits of black currant plants were determined. Based on the analysis, the coefficients of nickel assimilation by black currant plants were calculated and statistical dependencies of its accumulation indicators on agrochemical properties of sod-podzolic soils at different depths of the root layer were determined. According to the results of research, regression dependences of the accumulation of nickel in black currant fruits on the indicators of the agrochemical properties of the soil and the content in the soil of fluent nickel were constructed. It was established that the nickel content in black currant fruits primarily depended on the acidity of the soil, on the content in the soil of fluent nickel, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen and fluent potassium. Black currant cultivars Belarusskaja sladkaja, Vologda, Triton, Biryulevskaya, Titania were more resistant to soil pollution with nickel.

Objective. Fruits of figs from the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens: Figue Grise, Randino and Fig Blanche were studied for use as raw material for health products. Methods. The content of elements was determined using AAS “Kvant 2MT” in the emission mode (K) and in the absorption mode (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn). Results. The content of seven essential elements in the fruits of two generations (yields) was studied for the first time. It was revealed that the fruits of the studied fig cultivars contain high quantities of potassium, calcium and magnesium, and satisfactory quantity of ferrum. In the first generation of fruits, the ferrum content is higher by 72-73%, potassium by 4.5-18.4%, than in the second generation of fruits. The fruits of the second generation accumulate more calcium (by 28-31%), magnesium (by 11.6-26.8%), zinc (by 9.9-23.3%) and manganese (by 5.2-17.7 %). Conclusion. The cultivar of early maturity Fig Blanche, in which the fruits of two generations are characterized by the maximum of three cultivars of potassium (15970 mg / kg in the I-st generation, 13020 mg / kg - in the II-nd generation), magnesium (2520 mg / kg and 2810 mg / kg), ferrum (15.54 mg / kg and 9.05 mg / kg), zinc (1.51 mg / kg and 1.69 mg / kg), cuprum (2.24 mg / kg and 1.93 mg / kg) and manganese (2.38 mg / kg and 2.51 mg / kg) content.

The aim of the research was to study the influence of weather and climatic environmental factors on the formation of the apricot productivity of various origins. The objects of research were 45 apricot cultivars planted on the collection area in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Phenological observations, yield accepting and determination of plant productivity of different apricot cultivars were done in accordance with generally accepted methods. When analyzing the data of phenological observations during the past 13 years due to climate change, acceleration of flowering and ripening have not been identified. The excess of monthly average precipitation with low monthly average air temperatures leads to a delay of the beginning of flowering of apricot plants by 1-3 weeks. The excess of monthly average air temperature during the period of formation (April-May) and fruit ripening (June-July), as well as a significant decrease in the amount of precipitation relative to their long-term average, accelerates the fruit ripening period. For the studied cultivars, it ranged from 1 to 3 weeks, in comparison with long-term data. Apricot cultivars and forms that better adapted to new growing conditions and have several valuable characteristics were selected: Large Early, Bucuria, Magister, Mandule Kajszi, Sanatate, Stokk, Ketch-Pshar (early or late ripening is combined with high yield; later flowering is combined with early or late fruit ripening). They are of interest for production testing, amateur gardeners and breeders.

Aim. The aim of the research was to construct the regressive model of productivity of peach cultivars. The model should allow an objective evaluation of interrelation between yield and biotic / abiotic limiting factors under conditions of the Crimean Southern Coast. Methods. The research has been conducted in 1990 - 2018 under conditions of the Crimean Southern Coast by using collection plantings of Nikita Botanical Gardens. The research on cultivars have been conducted in line with conventional techniques. The data preparation, the correlation and the regression analysis have been based on the works of N. Bublik, and V. Gorina, as well as the package "Statistika 6". Results. The multiple regression equations of relationship between yield and researched factors were constructed, the multiple regression (R) as well as the multiple determination (R²) coefficients, determining the fraction of the yield variability under influence of relevant factors, have The most significant correlations between yield and external factors were identified for each cultivar. been determined. Main Conclusions. The peach yielding capacity was, according to the cultivar, essentially influenced by the air temperatures during the blossom (r = 0.54) and by degree of the setting of reproductive buds (r = 0.31). The infestation of plants with powdery mildew, leaf curl and shothole disease led to reduction of yields (r = -0.52, -0.46, -0.42, respectively). A negative correlation between the yield capacity and the relative humidity (r = -0.38), as well as the precipitation value during the blossom (r = -0.38) was identified. The maximal trait regression coefficients (from 28.7 to -52.6) were shown by the cutivar Yunnat and the minimal ones (from 2.28 to 3.22) - by the cultivar Golden.

Aim. To analyze the scientific and technical literature, to identify trends and prospects for world production of olives. Discussion. Olive is one of the most cultivated fruit crops in the world. It surpasses the main fruit crops in the area of cultivation: apple, pear, peach and nectarine, apricot and orange, and is second only to coffee. In the period from 1994 to 2017 a significant tendency of increasing this value from 7.66 to 10.8 million hectares was noted. In addition, world fruit production is steadily growing from 11.47 million tons (in 1994) to 20.87 million tons (in 2017). The main producing regions of this crop are Europe (67% of world production), Africa (15.4%), Asia (15.3%). South and North America (2.1%) and Oceania (0.2%) make a minor contribution to the global production of olives. The leading countries-producers of olives are Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Egypt, Portugal and Algeria. The most efficient production of olives was observed in the USA and Egypt (11.97 and 11.45 t / ha, respectively), which is associated with the use of highly productive orchards of the intensive type and the cultivation of modern cultivars of olives. Main conclusions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the area of cultivation, gross yield, yield of olive. Despite the fact that Europe maintains a leading position in the production of olive fruit, according to FAO, there is a significant increase in production in Africa and Asia. Different efficiency of cultivation of olives is noted by countries, which justifies the use of highly productive orchards of intensive type with high planting density, as well as the use of modern high-yielding cultivars.

Aim . This study was aimed at determining the rational method of increasing soil fertility and sunflower yield in grain-crop rotation. Methods . The influence of organic, mineral fertilizers and their combinations, as well as legumes on such indicators of soil fertility as soil moisture, the content of basic nutrients and detritus, as well as the yield of oilseeds was studied. Results . The organo-mineral complex: barley straw + oil radish seedling + N₂₄P₂₄K₂₄ had a significant impact on the positive dynamics of the studied parameters. Thus, in this embodiment, satisfactory reserves of available moisture were formed: to the phase of sunflower seedlings - 40...41 mm in the soil layer 0 - 30 cm; to the phase of sunflower flowering - 60...63 mm in the layer 0 - 50 cm and 97...98 mm - in the layer 0 - 100 cm. The formation higher reserve of detritus: 0.333% to the phase of seedlings and 0.350% to the phase of full ripeness of the culture. The application of organo-mineral fertilizers in combination with the cultivation of sunflower in binary sowing with legumes grasses (vika or sainfoin) have supported the formation of significantly higher yield of sunflower (3.14...of 3.09 t/ha), which is 20.7 and 22.6% higher than the yield of control variant. Main conclusion . In order to increase soil fertility and yield of sunflower, it is recommended to cultivate it in binary crops with legumes (vika spring or sainfoin) on the organic-mineral background (barley straw, green manure of oil radish and N₂₄P₂₄K₂₄).

Aim. The aim to identify valuable source material from the number of intraspecific, interspecific and intergeneric hybrids of stone fruit plants to improve and expand the varietal composition of peach that meets the needs of industrial and amateur gardening. Methods. Program and methods of varietal study of fruit, berry and nut crops / Ed. G. A. Lobanov. Michurinsk, 1973. 492 p. Program and methods of selection of fruit, berry and nut crops / Ed. G. A. Lobanov. Michurinsk, 1980. 529 p. Program and methods of selection of fruit, berry and nut crops / Ed. Sedova and T. P. Ogoltsova. Orel: VNIISPK, 1999. 608 p. Results. New genotypes of peach, which are sources of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), were selected; large-fruited peach I4 970-89 was isolated, as a pollinator for genotypes with male sterility; in the population of hybrid seedlings F2 (peach of the world x David peach) we identified new genotypes of plants with absent characters in their original species; with resistance to powdery mildew and leaf curl, dwarf plant growth, forms with decorative double flowers, white, pink and purple-red color of the petals of the corolla, bell-shaped and rosy flower types, male sterility, pollen fertility and honey taste of the fruit inherited from his wild ancestor - David peach. Summary. Selected maternal genotypes of the original parental forms of apricot, with a character of CMS - 189-88, 249-81, 498-86. They are of breeding value for the development of new peach cultivars. Peach I4 970-89 of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens’ breeding is a pollinator for hybrids of peach with common almond, characterized by male sterility. Valuable characters of David peach could be transferred to common peach and its cultivars as a result of natural hybridization due to their joint growth in the primary Chinese-Japanese genetic center. From wild ancestor, David peach common peach cultivars inherited such valuable characteristics as resistance to powdery mildew and leaf curl, dwarf growth of plants, shapes with decorative double flowers, white, pink and purple-red petals of the corolla campanulate and rose-like types of flower, male sterility, pollen fertility and the honey taste of the fruit.

In the Republic of Bashkortostan, in the greenhouse of the year-round operation of the experimental farm of the state-run vocational training school "Ufa forestry-technical school" (Limonary in Ufa city), tropical and subtropical fruit crops have been cultivated for many years. The farm constantly monitors the agrochemical, physico-chemical, biochemical indicators of soil grounds. The agrochemical characteristics of soils during the cultivation of exotic fruit crops have been studied. For fertilizing all cultivated plants of the farm, organic and mineral macro- and micronutrient fertilizers are regularly added at regular intervals. When using fertilizers, the need for nutrient elements of crops is taken into account for successful growth and fruiting by periods of growth and agrochemical data. The study presents a comparative characteristic of soil grounds for 2016 and 2018, which shows: humus content, mobile forms of P2O5 and K2O, mineral forms of nitrogen, pH (salt). The results of agrochemical surveys allow you to adjust the dose of fertilizers for the cultivation of major crops, planting material and for the formation of the crop.

Purpose. Study of the soil, soil cover and vegetation of the forest park of the city of Ufa. Methods. Soil studies were carried out at a scale of 1: 2000 on a cartographic basis with contours, using standard techniques. Analytical work was performed using the methodological guidelines and GOSTs adopted in soil science and forest science in the Republican Forest Soil and Chemical Laboratory of the MLH RB. Results. Forest coverage of the forest park is 84%. The average age of the park's plantations is 54 years old. This plantings IV-VII age classes. 20% - ripe and overmature stands. The average bonitet of the forest park is 11.7. Average fullness - 0.8. The main soil cover of the park is gray, dark gray, typical structurally differentiated, dark brown-brown, typical texturally differentiated, typical lithozems. In the upper soil layer, the coefficient of structure is 5.2, in the underlying - 4.3. Recreational load of the soil leads to a sharp deterioration of their structure. Conclusion. The limiting factors limiting the state of stands are the shortened thickness of the humus horizon, the heavy particle size distribution, the neutral and weakly alkaline reaction of the soil environment. Plantings are adversely affected by anthropogenic factors, infection by diseases and pests. Reconstruction of growing, placement of new tree species, shrubs and bushes, including introducents, is recommended considering the soil conditions. The data of agrochemical parameters will allow to create optimal nutrition conditions for the formation of various compositions of trees and shrubs.

The purpose of the research is the study the basic physical,chemical and water-physical properties of soils of high and medium mountain basins of the Altai mountains under different types of agricultural use (arable land, hayfields, pasture). The main features of chestnut and light chestnut soils of high-mountain basins, dark chestnut soils and common chernozem of mid-mountain basins are established. These are a light granulometric composition with a high content of coarse soil, a sharp decrease of humus content and cation exchange capacity down the profile, slightly alkaline reaction of medium, and perfect structural state, except for the lower horizons of light chestnut soil. By density of the humus horizon, the soils of hayland and pasture belong to the soils rich in organic matter. Considerable density is noted also in the chernozem ordinary under an arable land where for many decades usual dump plowing is applied, minimum - in the dark-chestnut soil under an arable land where in recent years processing is carried out by a diskator which basic purpose - preparation of the soil for crops without preliminary plowing. The density of arable horizon on arable land correspond to typical values for a cultivated or a new-ploughed arable land. With the depth of the soil profile, this ratio increases, but it is lower than typical values for the subsurface horizons. The density of the solid phase varies slightly. In the upper organogenic horizons of the hayland and pasture, it is low due to the occurrence of organic matter. In the lower horizons, it is slightly higher and corresponds to the density of the solid phase for mineral soils. The porosity of the studied soils is in inverse proportion to density. The porosity of the upper horizons is perfect, and the horizons correspond to the cultural-arable layer. The porosity of the lower horizons is satisfactory. The hygroscopic moisture content of the soils under study varies in the wide range (0,7-9,9%). The maximum hygroscopicity in the sandy loam horizons is low (2-4%) and it is higher in loamy horizons (4-7%). The permanent wilting point ranges from 2,7 to 11,7%, and total water capacity - from 25,9 to 50,4%. Comparison of physical-chemical and water-physical properties of the studied soils of intermountain basins of the Altai Mountains with those of the same type of soils of the Altai territory and adjacent regions of Western Siberia indicates their proximity and even some advantage.