The problem of waste is one of the most urgent in the world. The Russian Federation and the Republic of the Crimea are no exception. More than 30 billion tons of garbage has been placed on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is expected that almost all Russian landfills will overflow in the next five years. In the Crimea, outside the boundaries of settlements, 293 landfills with a total area of more than 1.054 million square meters remain not liquidated (in comparison with the indicators as of 12.03.2021, the number of non-liquidated landfills outside the boundaries of settlements increased by 4 units, and the area of landfills increased by 889 sq. m.). Optimization of anthropogenic objects is decided by the correct choice of location and operation of the dump, as well as by giving it the appropriate shape and proper landscaping, that is, using what is called the integration of the object into the landscape. Under any circumstances, the formation of a dump should be preceded by the removal of the topsoil, its storage and preservation. The most important form of dump should be considered a terraced table mountain with a steepness of 1:3 and a rounding of the talus base. Dumps above 10 m are terraced with a ledge width of at least 4 m. It is extremely important to ensure control over surface water runoff by laying small canals on the slopes and bordering the perimeter with a plantation strip at least 5 m wide. Phyto-reclamation measures on a poor substrate should be carried out using green manure, combining legumes and cereals (legumes: meadow clover, white clover, yellow alfalfa, horned clover, Hungarian sainfoin, etc.; cereals: orchard grass, desert wheatgrass, awnless brome grass, meadow fescue, pasture ryegrass, etc.). Young plants of avant-garde trees and shrubs are planted according to a layout pattern of 2.5 x 2.5 to 0.75 x 0.75 m. The more difficult the natural conditions, the denser the planting should be. Any types of trees and shrubs that grow rapidly in these conditions are used as vanguard. The main types of trees are initially planted in an amount of 4,000 to 6,000 pieces. This means that the distance between the rows is 1.5-2 m, and the distance between plants in a row is from 1 to 1.5 m. The avant-garde species of trees and shrubs are placed evenly in groups or rows. The main types of trees and shrubs are placed in groups of at least 10 seedlings of the same species.

The vertical (altitudes at 0.1; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9 and 1.2 m above mean sea level - MSL) distribution of Cyanobacteria in the supralittoral zone of the Cape Kilse-Burun (Meganom Peninsula) was characterized. A total of 20 species of Cyanobacteria have been recorded; their number at various altitudes varied from 6 to 9 (minimal at 0.9 m above MSL). As for the systematic composition, species of the Oscillatoriophycidae subclass were found on the entire range of altitudes. The high contribution of representatives of the Synechococcophycidae subclass was noted at altitudes of 0.3 and 0.6 m MSL. The orders Chroococcales and Oscillatoriales were dominant at 0.3 m MSL; and the order Nostocales - at 0.1 m MSL. Among the families, Rivulariaceae family was observed at all altitudes, with a predominance at 0.1 m and 1.2 m MSL. The genera Gloeocapsa , Aphanocapsa and Leptolyngbya (with a low contribution) have been recorded at almost all altitudes. Only the genus Calothrix at altitudes of 0.1 and 1.2 m MSL represented 25.0% and 37.5%, respectively. According to the substrate confinement, the noted microphytes belonged to the attached ones; benthic mesosaprobiont marine species predominated in the entire surveyed range of altitudes. Brackish-marine (except 0.9 m above sea level) and freshwater-brackish (except 0.1 m above sea level) species were noted almost all over the range, while only one freshwater species was recorded at 0.1 m MSL. Species with cosmopolitan and boreal-tropical distribution predominated at all altitudes. The share of the latter was the highest at 0.1 m MSL, which is probably due to the relatively low temperature of the substrate under conditions of maximum surf irrigation. The features of the vertical distribution of Cyanobacteria emphasize the specificity of the environmental conditions of the supralittoral biotope.

Hazelnuts are an economically important nut crop in the world. Propagation of varietal hazelnut seedlings in the traditional way is expensive and time-consuming due to the need for huge areas for parent plants for cuttings and low level of rooting. The development and implementation of the technology of in vitro clonal micropropagation of hazelnuts is promising. The use of this method contributes to the mass production of homogeneous, infection-free planting material of hazelnuts for laying plantations of parent plants. In the course of our research, we optimized the protocol of clonal micropropagation of three cultivars of hazelnuts. It was found that for the cultivation of the studied cultivars, the most balanced in mineral composition is the DKW medium supplemented with 3.5 mg/l 6-BAP, 1.0 mg/l GA and 0.3 ml/l IAA; modification of the NRM medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l GA + 1.0 mg/l NAA + 2.0 mg/l IBA effectively promotes rhizogenesis from explants; GA showed a synergistic effect together with NAA on the rooting of hazelnut microshoots, by the 4th week of cultivation, the number of shoots with roots reached 90-100%; in the conditions of a climate chamber using peat with sand substrate (50:50), the efficiency of adaptation to soil conditions was 92% for KAH-29 cultivar, 80% - for Zakataly cultivar, and 36% - for Khachmas cultivar.

Problems of the history of cultivation of taxa and culta of the genus Hedera in Nikitsky botanical garden are analyzed. Data on the genus Hedera is revealed to be incomplete and contradictory or absent at all on the various stage of the Garden history. The most important impetus to ivy collection development was given by N.A. Hartwiss and L.I. Uleiskaya. Author shows unknown pages of the history: he revealed some specimens of ivy cultivars that were grown here up to the end of 1920-s, and several ivy cultivars were discovered as relicts of cultivation in the arboretum of Nikitsky garden and also in the former Hartwiss’ estate in Artek.

Genetic engineering methods significantly expand the possibilities of controlling plant heredity and variability. However, they will always remain only an additional, but not a substitute factor in the arsenal of the adaptive plant breeding system. The most important task is to prevent the spread of genetically modified forms of living organisms used in biotechnology into open agrosystems and natural ecosystems. The problems of the wide distribution of genetically modified organisms require theoretical understanding, the development of appropriate methods and criteria, integration with other areas of knowledge and, finally, the selection of the optimal possibilities for the distribution of the final product. New improved methods for creating GMOs can significantly reduce the possible risk associated with the arbitrary nature of the introduction of transgenes into the genome, which occurs when using the current approaches. The main theoretical and methodological provisions of transgenic selection should be considered: a) obtaining a large number of GM organisms as a starting material for selection; b) a thorough genomic, anatomical-morphological, biochemical and medico-biological analysis of GM elements from the point of view of their influence on ecology, human health and evolutionary processes; c) strict selection of individuals according to traits and properties useful to humans, with the exception of their linkage with negative - harmful and lethal determinants; d) creation of molecular regulators (gene switches) that can activate useful and inactivate built-in genes that determine the manifestation of undesirable traits. One of the main reasons constraining the intensity and effectiveness of transgenesis work is the extremely weak development of research on the identification of effective genes, the creation of gene banks, and a limited scientific base of genetic engineering, which is associated with insufficient funding, as well as the lack of strict legislation in the field of this problem.

Multi circle hydroponic construction for vegetable and greens cultivation are wide spread and supported of leader investors all over the world because their economic position and ecologic status. Cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants at multi circle hydroponic construction is usually supplemented the study biochemical composition above parts of plants after cultivation. The goal of study is: analysis biochemical composition above parts of some aromatic and medicinal plants after cultivation at multi circle hydroponic construction. Objects of study - above parts of aromatic and medicinal plants from Lamiaceae-family: Monarda fistulosa L., Nepeta cataria L. , Mentha piperita L., Melissa officinalis L.; from Hypericaceae-family - Hypericum perforatum L. and from Apiaceae-family: Coriandrum sativum L., Anethum graveolens L., Apium graveolens L. Plants were cultivated at the 5 circle hydroponic construction with artificial lighting and automatic nutrition. Seeds of Apiaceae-family were treated with water solutions of natural immunomodulators: linarozide and moldstim. Analytic methods included determination: the dry matter content, antioxidants content and polyphenols content. Statistical methods: one-factorial and two-factorial dispersion analysis (Microsoft Excel, 2010). The first experiment of the cultivation aromatic and medicinal plants at 5^th circle hydroponic installation was successful. The content of dry matter, vitamin C and chlorophylls does not change depends on plants location, but the content sum of polyphenols was significantly higher on the above part of Monarda fistulosa plants from the 4^th circle. The highest content of polyphenols was observed on the above part of Hypericum perforatum L., the smallest content - on the above part of Mentha piperita L. Treatment seeds with natural immunomodulators increased the content of dry matter, antioxidants and polyphenols on the above part of plants from Apiaceae-family. It influenced at the increasing of seed germination, height of plants and weight of above parts. But accumulation of antioxidants and polyphenols on the above parts of Apiaceae-plants was specific for every species.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the mass fraction of essential oil and the dynamics of its accumulation in the leaves of subtropical introduced species Laurus nobilis L., Myrtus communis L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. in the Mardakian Arboretum located on the Absheron Peninsula. These species are cultivated as evergreen trees and shrubs, with an optimal autumn-winter leaf ripening period. The natural conditions of this region of Azerbaijan are characterized by a dry subtropical climate. The studies have shown that Rosmarinus officinalis raw materials dried to an air-dry state contain 1.5 times more essential oil compared to other species, both on average for the entire study period and separately for each month, with the greatest accumulation of essential oil in November (mass fraction 0.88%). The features in the dynamics of oil accumulation related to the biological properties of these crops and the conditions of their growth are shown. If Rosmarinus officinalis and Myrtus communis shrubs have a clearly expressed seasonality of essential oil biosynthesis associated with the leaf ripening period, then Laurus nobilis , as a tree crop, has no pronounced dynamics from September to March. In the culture of Rosmarinus officinalis and Myrtus communis on the Absheron Peninsula, it is characterized by a late autumn-winter period of oil accumulation, respectively, a high mass fraction of rosemary oil in October-November (from 0.83 to 0.88%) is associated with the beginning of the second wave of flowering; the maximum yield of myrtle essential oil (8.3 g/kg) was recorded in February - during the full ripening of the leaf. The conducted studies confirm the assessments conducted earlier of the high prospects of the introduction of these species into the conditions of the subtropical climate of Absheron and indicate their high essential oil content. The data obtained allow us to recommend autumn period of the year for the harvesting of raw materials for Laurus nobilis , late autumn time is the best for harvesting of Rosmarinus officinalis and winter period is the best for Myrtus communis in order to obtain the maximum yield of essential oil.

The article analyzes the state of introduction of medicinal and aromatic plants in botanical gardens, that have resources for expanding work in this area. The reasons are shown why, despite the fact that collections of these plants are available in many botanical institutions of the world and in Russia, and introduction work with them has been carried out for a long time, it is very difficult or almost impossible to introduce a new species into scientific medicine after the end of the introduction. An algorithm for performing the necessary tasks (with a description of actions during their implementation) of the introduction study of medicinal and aromatic plants is presented. The ways of their effective introduction, the earliest practical use of its results are indicated. Due to the fact that specialists of different profiles are involved in the development and production of the final product from plants (medicinal product, essential oil): biologists, chemists, agronomists, physicians, pharmacists, pharmacologists, engineers, economists, etc., then any botanical garden on its own, a new drug cannot make, and accordingly logically complete the introduction process of the medicinal and aromatic species. In this connection, it is necessary to cooperate with other research, medical institutions and industrial companies.

Has been investigated impact of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb., Hyssopus officinalis L., Coriandrum sativum L., Nepeta cataria L., Nepeta transcaucasica, Lavandula angustifolia Moench., Laurus nobilis L., Mentha longifólia L., 4 sorts of Mentha piperita L, Abies alba Mill., Artemisia taurica Willd., Rosa gallica L., Pinus silvestris L., Thymus vulgaris L., Satureja montana L., Satureja hortensis L. on psycho-emotional state of women at age from 50 to 85 years, who were divided into control and experimental groups. Control group - psych relax during 10, 20 or 30 minutes, experimental groups - the same psych relax + inhalation by essential oils at concentration in air 1 mg/m³. Before and after procedure was measured parameters of anxiety, depression and other parameters of psych emotional state using hospital scale of anxiety and depression and method of investigation of self-estimation by Dembo-Rubinstein in original modification. It is shown there are essential oils with anxiolytic, antidepressant activity and make better psych emotional state.