The stages of formation and the development of science researches at the one of the oldest scientific institution of Russia are observed. The most actual research trends are highlighted, the specification of their current state and the development prospects are given. It is shown, as a result of a long-term diligent work on mobilization and studies of the world plant resources, the selection of new varieties of fruit, industrial, ornamental cultivars, the research of plants adaptation dynamics and “plant - environment” relations, the development of biotechnological and bioengineered methods of propagation, the plants rehabilitation, the preservation and improvement of their gene pool, the elaboration of plant protection measures - in all these fields of research the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens has made a great contribution to the biological and agricultural sciences, it has enriched the practical activities with new plant varieties and new technologies of propagation and cultivation.

The analysis of the goals and methods of introduction of ornamental plants as a scientific research work was carried out. The main directions of research have been determined, which make it possible to determine the adaptive potential of the species. The main prospect for the development of these studies is the ecological-geographical test, based on the interaction between the botanical gardens of the Russian Federation.

Collections of ornamental plants in many Botanical Gardens of the world are absent, and individual forms and varieties are used for decoration of territories. How did it happen that ornamental plants began to appear in domestic Botanical Gardens? To answer this difficult question, you can analyze the history of the appearance of ornamental plants in the oldest botanical garden in Russia - the Botanical Garden of the Moscow State University. The composition of the collections of ornamental plants throughout the period from the time of the bookmarking of the Garden has changed many times. Last but not least, this was due to personalities, state assignments or scientific topics of research, as well as the need to have extended collections of both species and plant varieties. At present, collections of ornamental plants become vulnerable and even superfluous. The question arises, why do we need ornamental plants? There is still no answer to this question, although there is no grant support for applied research, there are no specialized journals, there is no collection financing.

The history of breeding studies of flower-ornamental crops in the Nikita Botanical Gardens is presented. The efficiency of using various breeding methods is analyzed. The goals of selection for the nine main flower crops with which work is currently being carried out are formulated.

In the article, for example Tananarive plants shows the possibility of using wild species of the natural flora of the Crimea for decorating areas of the Park, garden or arboretum with specific conditions: shade, high humidity, etc. the list of families of the Crimean flora, with the number of flowering the original plants suitable for ornamental horticulture.

The article presents the results of study and evaluation of 25 tulips' cultivars of Viridiflora group in the Steppe Crimea. The brief description of the studied cultivars, their evaluation for ornamental and economic-biological characteristics are presented. On the basis of comprehensive evaluation the cultivars for use in landscaping and breeding in the steppe part of the Crimea are selected.

In the collection of the Botanical Garden of the BIN of the RAS one of the oldest collections of the garden group "Siberian Irises" is grown. On the basis of a differentiated estimation of decorative and economic-biological characteristics, varieties were identified that can be recommended for use in landscaping in car parks and petrol-stations in the North-West area with a minimum of agricultural practices.

In the Botanical Garden of Peter the Great, 150 varieties of phlox are grown. Some varieties are susceptible to a number of diseases. On the basis of many years of research, a set of measures aimed at increasing plant resistance was developed. It includes a complex of agrotechnical measures using biological preparations.

The work presents the studies on chrysanthemum breeding, conducted at the Botanical Garden (Institute) of ASM. Based on the results of which two new varieties of chrysanthemum were harvested, tested and characterized.

Mangyshlak experimental botanical garden (MEBG) created a collection gene pool of floral-ornamental plants for many years of experience of introduction activities. The collection gene pool consists of more than 510 species, forms and varieties of annual, perennial and bulbous plants from 89 genera belonging to 36 families. One of the most stable, ornamental and promising varieties among them are tulips. At present, 202 varieties of tulips belonging 14 garden classes grow in the collection of floral-ornamental plants of the MEBG. All attracted varieties of tulips have shown a high viability and they are not damaged by diseases and pests. Introduced tulips in Mangyshlak arid conditions grow successfully, show high decorative and perspective characteristics for introduction in gardening under favorable conditions.

The article deals with the aspects of the selection of the optimal ecological niche for an ex situ-conserved rare species of peonies growing in natural habitats under the conditions of a monsoon climate. The object is the Russian Far Eastern species of the section Flavonia Kem.-Nath. Paeonia oreogeton S. Moore. Study was carried out in comparison with a representative of the local flora Paeonia anomala L.

The species of Aquilegia allocated, giving the greatest cleavage on flower color, height of generative stem, productivity bloom, flower quantitative parameters, petals. The most variable features of seedlings are number of flowers in the generative stem, color of petals and sepals, color group of flower, stable features - length and width petal, length sepal of the flower. Pollen viability and length pollen tube are variable, the polar axis, the equatorial diameter, length aperture of pollen grain - stable. Analysis of polygonal graphs showed that North American mountain forest species A. canadensis and A. skinneri are different from the other species spur length, Pyrenees A. pyrenaica - stamen exsertion, Balkan mountain forest species A. nigricans - lack of spur. A. nevadensis, A. buergeriana, A. sibirica, A. pyrenaica has the larger calyx diameter in comparison with the seedlings of other species. A. canadensis is characterized by small calyx and corolla diameter, A. nigricans, A. atrata, A. skinneri, A. canadensis - by small petal length. It was established that A. pyrenaica DC. and A. canadensis L. were characterized by the dependent of inheritance of quantitative traits of flower. The A. nevadensis Boiss & Reuter, A. buergeriana Siebold & Zucc. and A. skinneri Hook. obtained for use in selection in Ukraine steppe. It was revealed that qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the flower of plants of A. canadensis were not cleavage in F1. Pollen grains of A. canadensis has large with thickened walls, indicating the absence of cross-breeding with other species in the conditions of introduction. North American mountain forest species A. canadensis and A. skinneri are large aperture of the pollen grains in comparison with the Euro-Asian species. Identified species of Aquilegia of pollen which germinates on the artificial environment: A. buergeriana , A. sibirica Lam., A. canadensis , A. alpina L., A. aurea Janka, A. flabellata Siebold & Zucc.

The process of registration of a grass-plots’ foundation in the database on inventory and an ornamental tree and herbaceous surgery in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens is described for the very first time. The information about the structure and functions of the database as the part of the information system, which is needed to reserve and enrichment of the plant gene pool in the South of Russia, is presented. The description of the subsystem “Registration of a grass - plots’ foundation” is given.

The results of research work on the vegetative reproduction of some varieties of small-flowered chrysanthemum, study of their biomorphological features and their use in the autumn flower arrangement in Apsheron are presented.

In the Central Siberian Botanical garden SB of the RAS a comprehensive study of ontogenesis, organogenesis, anatomical and biochemical characteristics of rhizomatous geophytes daylilies has been carried out. Introduction test representatives of the species and varietal diversity of the genus Hemerocallis has allowed to establish rhythmology characteristics of growth and development of these perennial plants in Siberia. The analysis of varietal diversity in terms of flowering, height and habit of the Bush, the color of the flower and its size has been studied. The information on the ontogeny, organogenesis and intervarietal hybridization has been elicited. The study of varietal diversity of hybrid daylilies (80 varieties) greatly enhances their adaptive capacity and usage in various areas of floriculture Siberia, including breeding, has been done.

The characteristics of the new ornamental plant Sphagneticola trilobata , features of its vegetative reproduction, as well as growth and development are given.

Collection stock of Zinnia L. genus growing in Piedmont zone of the Crimea was collected for the first time. Assortment that includes three cultivars of Zinnia L., three cultivars and three concultivars of Zinnia violacea Cav. was tested and recommended for greening in the region. According to the results of complex cultivar rating there is a description of biomorphologic and ornamental peculiarities of cultivars and species of Zinnia L. genus, which composed a new assortment of the Foothill zone of the Crimea conditions.

Indicum Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum indicum L. ) in the collection of the Central Botanical Garden of NAS of Belarus. A brief history of the collection is given. The main classes in the form of inflorescences are presented. The technology of maintaining of the collection fund of Chrysanthemum indicum in conditions of the closed ground is described.

Plants in Acoraceae are not only important traditional herbal medicines, but also beautiful ornamentals. In China, the history of Acoraceae used as ornamental can be tracked back to 2100 years ago. Initially, Acoraceae was a courtyard ornamental. Until Tang and Song dynasties（A.D.618-1279）, it was grown as an indoor ornamental such as potted plant. There are 3 species in the Acoraceae according to Flora Republicae Popularis Sinicae . Acorus calamus is widely distributed in the ponds and wetlands as an uncultivated or cultivated ornamental. Acorus tatarinowii and Acorus gramineus are widely used for indoor ornamental purposes. Acoraceae plants are perennial and evergreen, with aromatic leaves and rhizomes. Because of their unique biological characteristics, they are regarded as symbolic and holy plants which have been endowed with the exorcism roles in traditional Chinese culture. They are also praised as elegant ornamental plants symbolized the moral integrity of indifferent to fame and wealth and resist severe coldness. With strong viability and resistance to stress, Acoraceae can be transplanted at any time and grown easily in adequate humid and shady environments. Acoraceae plants have the functions of relieving eutrophication and purifying environment by absorbing the formaldehyde, benzene and other indoor decorating pollution. Therefore it is very suitable to grow Acoraceae plants as ornamentals. According to their horticultural characters and cultural values, we strongly recommend Acorus tatarinowii and Acorus gramineus being popularized as indoor ornamentals, and A. calamus can be cultivated as a courtyard ornamental plant. In this paper, based on literature studies and field investigations, their horticultural characters and cultural values were presented and analyzed. A proposal for their effective development strategy was also suggested.

Ericaceae is a big family and an important resource in China. It has high biodiversity and great potential for ornamental in China especially the genus Rhododendron . However, there are very few literatures have covered the whole Ericaceae family. By literatures review combining with our filed trips for years, we conclude the status of Chinese Ericacea as ornamentals and evaluate the ornamental value of Chinese Ericaceae to lay a comprehensive reference for future researches.

There are 55 species and 8 subspecies of Hypericum native to China. In addition to ornamental value, other indigenous uses are documented when we conducted the ethnobotanical interviews. Some values are not recorded in literatures, such as substitute for tea, and use for oral healthcare. Five native species ( H. ascyron , H. choisianum , H. elliptifolium , H. kouytcheouense , and H. stellatum ) are recommended based on their higher ornamental values. Some suggestions on their protection and development are proposed.

The experiments on selection of roses have been conducted in the Botanical Garden-Institute FEB of the RAS (Vladivostok). The vital seeds have been collected. Among the hybrid generation, some resistant seedlings that are promising in monsoon climate were obtained.

When using the method of staining with acetocarmine, the quality of pollen of 44 cultivars, hybrid and mutant forms of roses from 8 garden groups of the Nikita Botanical Gardens breeding was studied. 18 cultivars, most promising for use in further breeding work in the Nikita Botanical Gardens as paternal parent forms during hybridization, have been identified.

For the first time in Russia developed and implemented a strategy for the creation of adaptive varieties of garden chrysanthemum. Using introgressive hybridization in the first and subsequent generations of hybrids helped improve the genetic basis of initial breeding material and solve the problem of the individual and the complex valuable features. The increased of valuable features and the segregation of the positive transgressions took place at gradual combination of the polygenes winter hardiness and the dominant alleles of resistance to Puccinia horiana when creating multihybrids.

For expansion of assortment of decorative plants in the conditions of Central Russia the essential introduction new introduced to the culture of plants that do not have commercial value, but until tested in the collections of scientific institutions. Currently, tree peonies are not spread enough in Russia landscaping, they are for many gardeners remain expensive exotic. And there are two main reasons. The first one is difficulty of breeding of tree peonies. The second one is a practical absence of domestic planting material. Today the Russian market sells seedlings from China, Japan, different countries of Europe, which, unfortunately, do not possess sufficient winter hardiness and frost resistance.

The work is devoted to improvement of clonal micropropagation techniques for valuable cultivars of roses. The features of morphogenetic processes are studied and the conditions of in vitro cultivation at all stages are optimized. The influence of various growth regulators on the growth and development of plant regenerants in vitro was determined. The highest multiplication factor of the majority studied varieties was obtained by culturing on culture media containing 1.5 mg/l 6-BAP and 20 mg/l glucose. The optimum medium for microshoots rooting was MS with 1 mg/l IAA.

The results of clematis cultivar Crystal Fountain regenerants obtaining under in vitro conditions via direct and indirect organogenesis are presented in the article. Some special developmental features of the initial clematis explants at the stage of shoot formation induction have been revealed. Concentrations of plant growth regulators in the medium, optimal for microshoot indirect regeneration from clematis callus, have been found. Histological analysis confirmed the formation of meristematic zones and adventitious buds in the callus. High regeneration capacity of the cultivar Crystal Fountain under in vitro conditions was demonstrated.

Conventional micropropagation with solid or semi solid media is a typically labor-intensive technique of propagating elite clones of commercial ornamental crops and also limited because of high labor costs. Other disadvantages are costly devices, low proliferation rate, long multiplication cycle before hardening and transplanting, and higher mortality resulting from pathogens. These disadvantages are the major drawbacks of conventional micropropagation for scaling up of potential ornamental crop species. At present application of bioreactors is limited in ornamental micropropagation, however it can be utilized as an efficient tool for the production of elite planting material. Bioreactor not only facilitates optimum growth conditions but also offers many advantages to achieve both maximum yield and high quality of propagules, or to bring down the production costs as low as possible. Now, this technology gaining popularity in developing countries for commercialized micropropagation of ornamental crops including Orchids , Lilium, Hippeastrum, Gladiolus, Spathiphyllum, Anthurium, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Anoectochilus and Tulips etc., via thin cell layer, meristem culture, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. A range of bioreactors were developed and utilized to verify the effectiveness for mass propagation of ornamental plants. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were induced from flower stalk of Phalaenopsis by using suspension culture under bioreactors. Many Lilium varieties were successfully multiplied in bioreactors. Lilium cv. Marcopolo showed a positive growth of bulblets nearly 10 folds faster than that of the solid medium in balloon type bubble bioreactor (BTBB). Modern bioreactor technology along with liquid culture gives a wider control over conventional micropropagation system. However, monitoring of important process parameters such as temperature, pH, and concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the bioreactor vessel needs to be worked out for each plant.

Using the variants of a high-perspective assortment of roses for the conditions are shown in the gardening of in the conditions of Foothill zone of the Crimea. This compositions will allow creating various decorative compositions and prolonging a flowering of this culture in the conditions of Foothill zone of the Crimea as much as possible.

The article summarizes the introduction of the study of the collection fund of tropical and subtropical plants. It shows the results of the use of tropical and subtropical plants in the green building industry in Primorsky Krai. It shows main taxa of promising and unpromising species of plants.

The influence of different microecological conditions on morphological parameters of two varieties of Astilbe from the groups Astilbe Hybrids and Arends Hybrids in the forest - steppe region nearby the Ob is given; the possibility of Astilbe varieties use in different conditions of lightness is shown.

The first was the dependence of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the visual environment from the various groupings of flowers.The paper presents a comparative analysis of the comparability of the two methods estimates of videosgranny environment: assessment by objective criteria and method of evaluation test on the attractiveness of different groups of plants using digital photos, which were taken into account in the creation of phyto. Experimentally it was proved that the group of plants with the use of the laws of harmony are the most effective. The study established the effectiveness of phyto in the teaching and research premises of the Institute of mechanics of Izhevsk. The characteristic species composition of hothouse plants participating in phytodesign.

In the article the questions of cultivation and use of roses from different garden groups in the gardening of the Southern Coast of the Crimea are considered, as well as the assortment of 202 species, forms and varieties of the 7 most promising garden groups of roses, which is recommended for a wide application in the landscape design of the Southern Coast of the Crimea and the South of Russia.

Variants of optimization of transport landscapes in the Crimea are discussed, especially in connection with the construction of the Tavrida highway. Appropriate approaches to laying the road in natural ecosystems are proposed. The features of the formation of roadside plantations are considered. Species composition of woody-shrub plantations and herbaceous plants for the formation of roadside plantations is given.

As a result of studying of 250 varieties of iris hybrida hort., 33 highly selective varieties were selected , which are characterized by a complex of valuable traits. The assortment was offered for various kinds of gardening in the foothill zone of the Crimea and usage in flower arrangements.

On the basis of a complex analysis the most perspective 15 species from the genera of family Cactaceae Juss. - Astrophytum asterias (Zuccarini) Lemaire , A. capricorne (A. Dietrich) Britton & Rose , A. myriostigma Lemaire , Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose , E. calochlora K. Schumann , Mammillaria bocasana Poselger , M. compressa A.P. de Candolle, M. crinita A.P. de Candolle , M. huitzilopochtli D.R. Hunt , M. longimamma A.P. de Candolle, M. magnimamma Haworth, M. prolifera (P. Miller) Haworth, M. surculosa Boedeker, Parodia microsperma (F.A.C. Weber) Spegazzini , P. subterranea F. Ritter are identified to comprise highly ornamental and long flowering micro-landscape compositions with the species from genus Rebutia - R. arenaceae Cardenas, R. donaldiana A.B. Lau & G.D. Rowley, R. flavistyla F. Ritter, R. fiebrigii (Gurke) Britton & Rose, R. krainziana Kesselr., R. marsoneri Werderm., R. minuscula K. Schum., R. neocumingii (Backeb.) D.R Hunt, R. senilis Backeb., R. tiraquensis Cardenas, R. xanthocarpa Backeb.

The study of the biological characteristics of the genus Hydrangea L. ( Hydrangea paniculata, H. macrophylla, H. arborescens ) the estimation values of the hydrangeas varieties on the features of decoration was conducted. The most ornamental and promising varieties for use in landscaping was discovered. The ability of different species and varieties of hydrangeas for vegetative reproduction were studied.

The research, held in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens-National scientific centre (NBG-NSC) in 2016 on the ornamental culture of garden chrysanthemum grandiflorum, showed that there was vast majority of the species composition of pathogenic mycobiota, which caused of symptoms of diseases are fungi of the genus Fusarium. The varieties Cobra Red, Yellow Dalystar, Holmdel Dark, Snowdon White, Valesca, Golden Elf, Dark Flame Soft Gold showed greatest susceptibility to the defeat of pitomitsa .

The results of investigation of powder mildew - the most calamitous decease of garden roses.- are presented. The distinctive traits of a fungal decease and the climatic conditions during the years of investigation are described. The most effective measures to proof garden roses from decease in the Nikitsky Botanical gardens are defined.

Some special features of vegetative propagation with lignified cuttings in 20 Clematis L. cultivars have been studied on the base of Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center. Positive effect of rooting stimulators (heteroauxin, Kornevin and zircon) on rooting percentage was noted. It was found that successful cutting depends on the cultivar features in Clematis. Seven most promising cultivars for this propagation method were selected among the studied ones.

The rooting ability of cuttings of 48 lilacs' cultivars of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden collection is determined during the using of green cuttings propagation method. The cultivars are divided into four rooting groups. 15 cultivars and forms of the first and second rooting groups are recommended for mass reproduction by this method. It has been revealed that among the four rooting stimulants tested (heteroauxin, cornevine, zircon, epin), the most effective are cornevine and heteroauxin.

An analysis of the viability of grafted and root-rooted roses on the collection of the Botanical Garden of Peter the Great was carried out on the basis of long-term phenological observations and the example of an unfavorable winter 2015-2016. It was found out that under the climate of St. Petersburg, the grafted roses of the majority of garden groups are better wintered, preserved and blossom than rooted ones. The exception is the сlimbing roses of the Cordes group (Kordesii), polyanthus and ground cover roses.

Experiments on the vegetative propagation of 85 domestic and introdactive cultivars of roses by the method of winter grafting have been conducted. The effectiveness of this method was established for all six garden groups participating in the experiment. The survival rate of the buds was more than 50% for 90% of cultivars. 39 cultivars with buds’ survival more than 75% are recommended for mass reproduction by this method.

For the first time, the effect of X-ray radiation on seed germination and its energy for one clematis species and three cultivars has been studied. The obtained results demonstrated positive effect of low doses irradiation on seed germination and its energy. It was noted that under X-ray radiation of Blue Bird cultivar (Atragene group) seeds, the germination energy initially increased, but with a further rise of the irradiation dose, germination energy decreased.

The article presents the results of studying the influence of plant growth regulators (Biodux, Krepish, Eppin, Domosvet) on the growth, development and rate of vegetative propagation of some representatives of the family Iridaceae Juss. (genus Xiphium Mill. and Crocus L.), cultivated in the Botanical garden-Institute, Ufa scientific center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Bashkir CIS-Urals). Identified that the most effective preparations that increase bio-indices, such as length, width, number of leaves and diameter of bulblets was Biodux , Domosvet, Eppin.

The main stages of agrotechnical measures for the cultivation of the garden large-flowered chrysanthemum in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea are presented and analyzed.

Species composition of the viruses which damage tulips and their propagation in the collection nursery was studied for the first time in Transdnistria. The collection nursery included the series of specific tulips. The classification of viruses was defined visually on the symptoms manifestation of the affected plants, with the aid of the indicators plants and also by immune - chromatographic diagnostic Agdia’s viruses Flashkits production of firm Agdia biofords (USA). Viruses were diagnosed as following: the tulip breaking virus (TBV) (25%), Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) (5%) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) (1%). The differentiation of the vulnerability of the samples was revealed on the provocative background of the TBV. The best of genotypes will be used in further work.

The article covers study results of vegetative propagation of Hemerocallis × hybrida hort. collection growing in Nikita botanical gardens under conditions of South Coast of the Crimea. Qualitative and quantitative differences of innovation shoots of collection cultivars were revealed in terms of the research. Besides, qualitative parameters of planting units were also identified here what is necessary for various purposes such as: propagation and getting maximum amount of planting stock of a certain cultivar and use in landscaping trying to get ornamental effect in short terms. Ways of proliferations establishment in water and soil mixture were considered in the investigation as well.