The dependences of the dynamics of photosynthesis intensity were studied, transpiration and temperature of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb in the impact of soil drought and determined optimal and limiting conditions of growth of this species under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The display of photosynthesis response function to environmental factors allowed J. Excelsa to obtain numerical coefficients of nonlinear regression equations of these parameters. Optimal conditions are: Ws=65-75% FC, 1=700-1200 mkmol/m²s, Pn=10-12 mkmol/m²s. Changes in the intensity of net-photosynthesis and transpiration, net photosynthesis and estuary conductivity, escape diameter and soil moisture in the influence of soil drought are determined by regression statistics: for E and Pn R=0,90279, R²=0,81522; Pn and gsR=0,9028, R²=0,8152; Pn and gsR=0,9028, R² =0,8152; dsh and WsR=0,9449, R²=0,8929 respectively. J. Excelsa has a high potential of photosynthesis for acclimatization to elevated temperatures. The increase in the temperature of the leaf (the khvoi) above the optimal leads to a sharp reduction in the intensity of photosynthesis the critical is the temperature of 39-40 degrees Celsius. With the introduction of this species to different regions, the results of the studies allow us to compare the ecological and physiological characteristics we have received with the climatic conditions of a particular region and to assess the possibilities of its cultivation.

The paper presents the results of the study of reproductive biology of a number of valuable plants introduced to the South of Russia, as well as rare species of flora of the Crimea. Comparative analysis and understanding of the processes of generative structures formation, pollination, fertilization and seed formation of representatives of different families (Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae, Ericaceae, Magnoliaceae, Rosaceae, Rhambaceae, Davidiaceae, Nyssaceae) allowed to establish some regularities in the reproduction system, to make a conclusion about the systematic affiliation and rather high reproductive potential of the studied species. The possibilities of using knowledge of reproductive processes of flowering plants in solving various biological problems: systematics and phylogeny, identifying patterns of formation of generative structures, determining the strategy of reproduction and conservation of plant diversity, the importance of antecological aspects in plant reproduction, breeding and nature protection are shown. The material is of scientific interest to specialists in various fields.

The study of the features of the territorial distribution, productivity and typological structure of natural pine stands in the Mountain Crimea was conducted. Crimean pine plantations dominate by the area here. The most productive and long-lived stands are C l-Скр under the conditions of dry sudubrava Ci. Taxational characteristics of Crimean pine plantations in different high-altitude zones reflect the peculiarities of high-altitude dynamics of their age composition. The lower belt is dominated by plants of small height and with a small trunk diameter. The stands of the upper belt have the most significant taxation characteristics. According to the level of living state, the stands of Crimean pine of the lower belt are mostly characterized by an unsatisfactory assessment. This is due not only to the negative anthropogenic impact, but also to the more severe action of limiting factors in the regional territory of natural growth of Crimean pine on the southern macroslope of the Main ridge of the Crimean mountains. Natural stands of common pine form forests in the edaphotopes of dry pinewood Bi, dry sudubrava Ci and fresh sudubrava C2. Under the conditions of dry sudubrava Ci there is an increase in the productive capacity of common pine stands. The level of use of the forest typological potential of a pine stand depends on its age. The ratio of age groups characterizes the pine stands as cyclo-multiplc-agcd. The fullness of stands of common pine varies within the range of 0.3-0.9, the average is 0.6. The most common planrings have the fullness of 0.4 and 0.5. The structure of the typological macrocomplex of stands of Stankevich pine is represented in a greater degree by communities of dry sudubrava Ci. Unfavorable abiotic factors have a direct impact on the composition of stands of Stankevich pine, the age structure of which is characterized by a predominance of young and middle-aged trees and a noticeable decrease in the number of ripening and ripe stands and a very small representation of high-aged plantations. The relative increase in the number of trees at the age of 200 240 years is evidence that in the past the conditions for the growth and renewal of stands of Stankevich pine in the Mountain Crimea were more favorable.

The studies were conducted with participation of 280 people (140 people were divided into 3 experimental groups and 140 people represented 3 control groups) aged 55 to 80 years. During the study, the testees were in darkened rooms at rest (sitting position) in groups of 10-12 people. For the experimental group the essential oil of summer savory was sprayed in the room for 10, 20 or 30 minutes in a concentration of 1 mg / m3, alongside with psychorelaxation recording. The main components of the essential oil are: carvacrol (51.11%), y-terpinene (21.05%) and p-cimene (13.94%), in much smaller quantities a-terpinene (3.11%), apinene (1.70%) and f-myrcene (1.44%), the remaining components are in concentrations not higher than 1 %. Participants in the control group were played only psychorelaxation recording lasting 10, 20 or 30 minutes. The condition of the testees before and after treatments in control and experimental groups was assessed using hospital scale of anxiety and depression test, word recognition testing with missing letters, correction task, well­ being questionnaire according to the method Dembo-Rubinstein in the modification of A. M. Prikhozhan. The obtained data were statistically processed using Student's t-test for bound and unbound series. It has been found out that the inhalation of vapors of summer savory essential oil {Satureja hortensis L.) in a concentration of 1 mg/m3 has a strong positive effect on indicators of anxiety and depression and self-esteem of emotional state and psychical tonus of the elderly, as well as during simple and complex mental work. The positive effect of summer savory essential oil on indicators of anxiety and depression and on simple mental work appear in all studied experiments of different duration of exposure (10, 20 and 30 minutes). It contributes to a better self-assessment of psycho-emotional state and psychical tonus and on complex mental work at treatments 10 and 20 minutes long.

Some morphological features and quality of Erva woolly seeds were revealed. The sizes of the seeds of the NBG’s reproduction in 2018 varied within 0.6-0.8 mm, with a mass of 1000 seeds being 0.083-0.086 g. Seeds obtained under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea are characterized by a long germination period of 22-29 days. Laboratory germination at variable temperatures amounted to 64.3%, field under the condition of surface seeding with rolling 46.7%. Seeds are half-burned according to the I.V. Borisova classification of types of seed germination belong to the second type, a subtype with slow germination and a maximum of germinated seeds in the middle of the germination period. It was established that for the germination of Erva woolly seeds, an air temperature above 20°C is necessary. The lowest seed germination rate was obtained when they were germinated at a constant temperature of 20°C. Dry heating of seeds during the day before sowing had no effect. Seeding of seeds cleared of pericarp to a depth of not more than 1.0 cm results in sparse seedlings in comparison with surface sowing. Sowing seeds with pericarp can provide optimal plant density, both in the conditions of surface sowing and with the incorporation of seeds into the soil.

For deciphering crops from satellite images at different time periods, it is necessary to have information about the spectral reflectivity of plants during their passage through the phenological phases of vegetation. An attempt was made to evaluate the spectral reflectivity of the main fruit crops and grapes in different phenological phases of the growing season using Sentinel-2 satellite images and the ENVI software package. Field research methods, plots were selected on which peach, grapes, cherries, apple trees, plums, and apricots grow are used. It was established that planting crops was carried out by mixing cultivars in order to reduce the risk of additional costs as a result of possible adverse natural processes and phenomena. For each section, the maximum, minimum, and average values of the spectral brightness coefficient were obtained and analyzed within 13 bands of Sentinel-2 satellite images. Space images were selected for 04/07/2019, 04/27/2019 and 05/12/2019, as the most suitable for the periods of the beginning of flowering (04/07/2019), the end of flowering (04/27/2019) and the beginning of fruit ripening (12/05/2019), with minimal cloud overlap values. To eliminate the external influence of the soil within each pixel of the image, the linear spectral separation module of the ENVI software package was used, a reference soil fragment was selected and its spectral characteristics were obtained, which made it possible to depict graphs of the spectral curves of the crops under study within each section. It was not possible to obtain a distinction of the spectral brightness coefficient for all sections, which is associated with the presence of additional external elements.

Methods of creation, identification on marker signs and maintenance of the valuable genotypes used at creation of new grades, pure lines, interlinear hybrids of stone fruit plants are considered. The maintenance of valuable genotypes used in the creation of new cultivars, clean lines, interline hybrids of stone fruit plants. The laying of plantations of nectarine and peach by sowing seeds directly into the garden with subsequent budding in the form of reducing the cycle of cultivation of eyepieces, the entry into the period of full fruiting of trees, as well as accelerating the introduction into production of new breeding cultivars grown by non-transplanting method. This makes it possible to create for two years of vegetation productive mother-cuttings gardens up to 500 trees of each new cultivar. Significant importance is given to modem molecular genetic and biotechnological methods, as well as classical-hybridization, individual selection, acceleration of the breeding process (use of greenhouses for growing hybrid seedlings, as well as grafting seedlings of fruit plants). In nectarine, as well as endemic to China the peach of David and the peach of the world when self-pollinating interspecific hybrids F1 in inbred offspring sometimes there are sterile individuals of plants.

The article describes approaches to the study of fruiting cultivars Iris x hybrida hort. of the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens National Scientific Center of the garden group of high species, on the example of the cultivar 'Sky Hooks', and presents the primary processing of experimental data. The ratio of the average values of potential and actual seed productivity depends on: the number of generative shoots on the plant; the number of "levels" or branches on the generative shoot; the number of flowers and the number of fruits on the generative shoot; the number of fruits at a certain "level" of their location. Actual seed production of cultivars 'Sky Hooks' two times less potential, regardless of the number of generative shoots per plant, "level" location of the fetus, the number of "levels" on generative shoots, number of flowers and fruits on one generative shoots. The highest average values of potential and actual seed productivity correspond to the 3rd and 4th "levels".

Objective. To study the effect of mycorrhizal preparation "Rizomax" on the basis of an endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp. on the growth and development of the root system of the grape plant.

Methods. The studies were conducted from 2016 to 2018. The influence and aftereffect of mycorrhizal drug on the root system and growth of the grape bush were studied in the Eastern viticultural district of the South Coast zone of the Crimea. The studies were carried out according to the generally accepted methods used in viticulture.

Results. The advantage of introducing mycorrhizal preparation when planting in the zone of the root system is established, in this regard, more intensive growth and root formation occurs, as well as the growth and development of the grape bush improves. The influence of the aftereffect of the studied preparation on grape plants is estimated, it is established that in experimental variants the development of plants occurs more intensively. Due to symbiosis, the grape plant more effectively uses moisture and nutrients accumulated in the mycelium, which is reflected in the improvement of phytometric indicators and high aging of the vine.

Conclusions. When conducting studies in 2017-2018, to study the aftereffect of the mycorrhizal preparaion "Rizomax", in the experimental version, a stable excess of growth processes by 38.3% 43.8% and the leaf surface of the bush by 34.5% 41.7% over the control version was established. The ratio of different fractions of roots in the experimental version compared to the control is more favorable. The fouling part of the root system is 2.53 m according to the measurements of the roots, you can see how much soil the roots of the grape bush covered, that is, in the experimental version, the absorption capacity is higher. Well-developed root system and leaf surface provide further, high productivity of grape bushes. Therefore, for good plant nutrition, it is important to maintain a correlation between the root system and the leaf surface.

Objective. The purpose is to study the organic matter transformation in Podzols from the middle taiga zone.

Methods. The study materials are arable lands from the central regions of the Komi Republic. These lands are not agriculturally used since the early 90-ies of the former century. The soil analyses are done according to the common methods.

Results. The study allows for the humus profile structure of Podzols along with the following successive stages as meadow idle land young forest dwarf shrub-green moss spruce forest. It also describes the mechanisms of post-agrogenic humus transformation in agricultural sod Podzols due to the self­ restoring succession.

Conclusion. Initially, the post-agrogenic soils normally repeat agrozems by characteristics. The upper soil part forms a thin grey-humus (sod) horizon. It contains large amounts of humus, exchangeable cations, and nutrition elements. The specific synthesis and destruction processes of humic substances at the meadow idle land stage change the qualitative humus composition. In contrast with arable lands, the humus composition is dominated with fulvic acids as being best appropriate to the concerned bioclimatic zone. The humuc-fulvic humus composition holds only in the upper old-arable soil part of the meadow idle land. The appearance of pioneer tree species increases the dominating position of FAs and the Cha/Cfa ratio resembles that for forest soil. The organic matter is poor in nitrogen compounds, especially at the young forest stage. By the C/N ratio, the post-agrogenic soils also gradually get close to naturally formed soils under virgin forest.

A highly ornamental sort of the tree of heaven {Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, fam. Simaroubaceae) with bright creamy-white variegation of leaves is found among its neglected thicket in Simferopol in 2017. Three-year male creeping-rooted plant with vegetative mutation on it has been observed by authors during additional two years and is described as a new cultivar ‘Albina’ in this paper. This cultivar differs clearly from all known ornamental forms and cultivars of the species with its characters of leaf coloration. It is difficult to evaluate the number of cultivars of 4. altissima because its ornamental forms are scantily studied in nomenclatural and taxonomical sense. Highly likely, this is only third cultivar of the species.

The aim of the work is to supplement and clarify the annotated list of vascular plants of “Castel” nature reserve on the Southern coast of the Crimea. Methods. The work is based on the results of long standing field research, which was carried out by the traditional route-reconnaissance method, analysis of YALT herbarium materials and data from literary and Internet sources. Arealogical and biomorphological characteristics of species are given according to "Biological Flora of the Crimea" by V.N. Golubev, biotope coding according to EUNIS habitat classification. The nomenclature of taxa corresponds to the " Spontaneuos flora of the Crimean peninsula" by A.V. Yena and to international databases Euro+Med PlantBase, The Plant List, Catalog of Life. Results. An additional annotated list of vascular plants of “Castel” nature reserve has been compiled, including 152 species, subspecies and cultivars from 97 genera of 38 families, of which 53 genera and 11 families have also not been cited for this territory before. Arealogical, biomorphological, biotopic and sozological characteristics of the taxa are given. As a result of a critical analysis of the list previously published by E.S. Krainyuk, four species were redefined, two species were proposed to be excluded from the flora of the specially protected natural area, several taxa are considered doubtful. Conclusions. The list of vascular plant taxa in “Castel” nature reserve has been supplemented with 11 families, 53 genera, and 152 species, subspecies, and cultivars; several species from the previously compiled list have been proposed to be excluded or considered doubtful. Thus, the flora of the protected area includes at least 425 species from 68 families. For the first time, the biotopic characteristic of the flora of the reserve was established.

As a result of summarizing the published data, processing the herbarium funds of the Donetsk Botanical Garden (DNZ) and field surveys conducted in 2015-2019, a list of flora of the specially protected natural area «Khomutovskaya Steppe» was compiled: 730 species, 340 genera, 84 families. A total amount of 67 (9.2%) species belong to the rare fraction, 121 (16.6%) species are referred as the adventive fraction. The distribution of adventive species by location type was analyzed, and their invasiveness was evaluated. The study has shown that the process of adventization of flora in the Donbass, which increases the taxonomic diversity of the flora, negatively affects the vegetation cover of a specially protected natural area, manifesting itself in the expansive strategy of some invasively active species that transform the natural plant cover. The greatest invasive threats to steppe, ravine-gully and floodplain ecosystems are associated with transformer species, namely Lonicera tatarica L. and Acer negundo L.