Dominant phytophagans of fruit crops and methods of regulating their population

The main task of modern industrial gardening is the search for constructive solutions that allow the industry to reach the frontiers of high profitability and quick payback of invested funds. A significant factor limiting the production of fruit products are pests and pathogens. The objective of the research is to clarify the specific and quantitative composition of pests in industrial fruit plantations and nurseries and to develop environmentally low-risk methods of controlling their numbers.The taxonomic structure of the complex of phytophagans and pathogens in fruit nurseries and industrial plantings has been determined. In the industrial fruit plantations of the Crimea, the species composition this year was represented by 35 species of phytophagans, of which 12 dominated in number and harmfulness. 6 species were identified in fruit nurseries, of which representatives Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Acariformes are dominated. In 2022, a change was found in comparison with the average data for 2020-2021. The share of the Lepidoptera complex increased by 2.0% due to the number of fruit moths (3 species of Noctuidae family), moth (1 species of Arcfidae family), leafroller moths (3 species of Tortricidae family) and white butterfly (1 species of Pieridae family). The population of Hemiptera increased by 10.0%, Coleoptera – decreased by 10.0% and Acariformes – decreased by 2.0 times. The appearance of a new invasive species of two-striped quince moth (Euzophera bigella Zell.) in apple orchards of two districts of the Crimea has been recorded. Since 2021, two species from the order of physopods (thrips, Thysanoptera) have been identified on the apple trees and their share in the phytophagans’ complex is 10.0%. The system of controlling the number of spider mites has been improved by releasing acariphagans. The effectiveness of regulating the number of carpophage leafroller moths by male disorientation was determined: biological effectiveness is 99.8%, ecotoxicological – reducing the pesticide load by 11.7 kg, l/ha by reducing 12 insecticide treatments and economic – cost recovery by 4.5 times with a payback of insecticide use by 3.9 times.

1. Balykina E.B., Yagodinskaya L.P., Rybareva T.S., Korzh D.A. The most important phytophages of garden agrocenoses. Simferopol: PH "ARIAL", 2020. p. 352

2. Balykina E.B., Trikoz N.N., Korzh D.A., Sharmagiy A.K., Rybareva T.S., Yatskova E.V. Biological and biotechnical methods of controlling the number of phytophages in garden and park agrocenoses. Methodological recommendations. Simferopol: PH "ARIAL", 2021. p. 52.

3. Balykina E.B., Yagodinskaya L.P., Ivanova O.V., Korzh D.A. Systems of protection of fruit crops from pests and diseases for the Crimea and the South of Russia: Recommendations. Simferopol: PH "ARIAL", 2022. 60 p.

4. Pests of agricultural crops and forest plantations. Vol. 3. // Ed. Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR V.P. Vasilyev. K: Urozhy, 1989. P. 396-398

5. Dospekhov B.A. Methodology of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of research results): textbook. Moscow: Alliance Publishing House, 2011. 352 p.]

6. Kopylov V.I., Balykina E.B., Berstein V.A., Valeeva N.G., Kornienko N.Ya., Opanasenko N.E., Potanin D.V., Pichugin A.M., Ryabov V.A., Sklyar S.I., Starchous V.N., Stryukova N.M., Sychevsky M.E. Modern intensive fruit growing of the Crimea. Simferopol: PH "ARIAL", 2017. p. 548

7. Kopylov V.I., Balykina E.B., Berstein V.A., Valeeva N.G., Kornienko N.Ya., Opanasenko N.E., Potanin D.V., Pichugin A.M., Ryabov V.A., Sklyar S.I., Starchous V.N., Stryukova N.M., Sychevsky M.E. Fruit growing with the basics of ecology and nursery breeding. (Textbooks for universities. Special literature). St. Petersburg: "Lan", 2020. p. 396

8. Guidelines for registration tests of insecticides, acaricides, molluscocides and rodenticides in agriculture. Saint Petersburg: VISR, 2016.

9. Plugatar Yu.V., Smykov A.V., Opanasenko N.E., Sotnik A.I., Babina R.D., Tankevich V.V., Mitrofanova I.V., Shoferistov E.P., Gorina V.M., Komar-Temnaya L.D., et al. To the creation of industrial orchards of fruit crops in the Crimea. Simferopol: PH "ARIAL", 2017. P. 211

10. Plugatar Yu.V., Smykov A.V. Prospects for the development of horticulture in the Crimea // Collection of scientific works of SNBG. 2015. 140:5-18

11. Rybareva T.S., Balykina E.B., Plugatar Yu.V., Yagodinskaya L.P. Patent No. 2693094 C1 Russian Federation, IPC A01G 13/00, A01G 17/00. Method of protection of fruit plantations from spider mites: No. 2018124730: application 05.07.2018: publ. 01.07.2019

12. Opanasenko N.E., Kostenko O.V., Yevtushenko A.P. Agroecological resources and zoning of steppe and foothill Crimea for fruit crops. Yalta: OOO Publishing House "Nauchny Mir", 2015. 212 p.

13. Fanghao Wan et al. A chromosome-level genome assembly of Cydia pomonella provides insights into chemical ecology and insecticide resistance // NATURE COMMUNICATIONS. 2019. Vol. 10, № 4237. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12175-9

14. Michele Preti, Alan L. Knight, Riccardo Favaro, Esteban Basoalto, Marco Tasin, Sergio Angeli Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA // Insects. 2021. Vol. 12. № 72. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12010072.

15. Ganiev K.K., Mirzaliev A. M., Khalilova B.A. Eriosoma Lanigerum Hausm Juice Damage Properties аnd Effects of Entomophagy Against It // Texas Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies ISSN NO: 2770-0003 https://zienjournals.com

16. Bruna L., Merlin, Lucia P. Ferreira et all. Functional response of Neoseiulus californicus preying on Tetranychus urticae is affected by prey quality and host-plant acclimation // Biological control. 2022. № 165. P. 104811.

17. Marshall A.T., Beers E.H. Exclusion netting affects apple arthropod communities // Biological control. 2022. Volume 165. P. 104805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2021.104805