Leaf rollers carpophages (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in fruit plantations of the Crimea

The specific and quantitative composition of phytophages of fruit plantations of the Crimea has been determined, numbering 35 (2019) - 38 (2021) species, of which 12 dominate in number and harmfulness, the quarantine status of 2 - and 2 species are not previously encountered. The order Lepidoptera is the most labile. From 2019 to 2021, 11 species of leaf rollers were registered in the gardens of the republic, which is 28.2% of the total number of lepidoptera, of which 4 species damage fruits. Fruit damage by these species in the absence of protective measures at the level of 80.0%. The research was carried out in fruit plantations of the Simferopol, Krasnogvardeysky, Bakhchisarai and Nizhnegorsky districts of the Republic of the Crimea. Entomological examinations, testing of new pheromone preparations and insecticides were carried out according to generally accepted methods, the biological efficacy of the preparations was determined by reducing the damage to the fruits relative to the control and calculated according to the formulas of Abbott and Hendorson-Tilton. The development of Laspeyresia pomonella L. has been established annually in three full generations from the third decade of April to October; Laspeyresia pyrivora Danil. - in one generation from May to July, Grapholitha funebrana Fr. - in two generations from May to August and Grapholitha molesta Busck - in five generations from April to October. To limit the number of apple and oriental fruit moths, the use of pheromones for male disorientation is effective. The method allows to reduce from 9 to 12 chemical treatments on an apple tree, 5-7 insecticidal treatments on a peach. The biological efficiency on an apple tree is 99.6%, on a peach 98.1%. The disorienting effect of dispensers persists for 4.5 - 5.0 months. The use of pheromones is justified ecologically, which is expressed in reducing the pesticide load on 1 ha of 11.7 l, kg / ha on an apple tree and 2.5 l, kg / ha on a peach, and economically - the costs are regained by 3.2 (apple) and 2.2 (peach) times. The objective of the research is to clarify the species and quantitative composition of carpophagous leaf rollers in the fruit plantations of the Crimea, to determine the seasonal dynamics of their numbers and to develop methods for limiting the abundance.

lepidoptera, fruit-damaging species, harmfulness, abundance dynamics, restriction methods

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