INTRODUCTION, STUDY, BREEDING OF FRUIT CROPS IN STEPPE CRIMEAAND PROMOTION INTO PRODUCTION

Abstract

The article sums up the results of 35 years of introduction and selection work in the field of fruit crops of the steppe horticulture laboratory located in the steppe zone of the Crimea. During this period 2000taxes, cultivars and forms of fruit crops from different countries were introduced and studied. Sources of valuable signs were selected for use as parental forms. As a result of the selection programs, 63cultivars of stone and pomes fruits were created, including apricot - 13, plum - 6, peach - 16, sweet cherry - 13, cherry - 1, apple - 3, pears - 4 and quince - 7. There were 52 cultivarsin the Register of Breeding Achievements, 31cultivarswerepatented, and 16 Certificates of registration of gene pool samples for hybrids have been obtained. Cultivars of fruit crops created in the laboratory of steppe horticulture are characterized by high yield, fruits of high commodity, technological and consumer qualities, relative winter hardiness, adaptability to arid conditions of the steppe Crimea and tolerance to main fungal diseases. They surpass the existing analogs for a number of economically valuable features and are quite competitive with foreign cultivars.