Аssessment of genetic similarity of Сhrysanthemum cultivars of the garden collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens using SSR analysis

A study of the genetic similarity of cultivars of a popular flower-ornamental object – garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.) from the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens’ collection was conducted using microsatellite analysis. The exceptional economic importance and large number of cultivars of this crop make their identification problematic, which leads to a less effective breeding process. In the case of chrysanthemums, genotypes are almost impossible to distinguish using phenotypic methods due to the high variability of morphological characteristics, even if they belong to the same group. Considering the significant advantages of molecular genetic analysis for solving the issue of assessing the genetic similarity of cultivars, the purpose of this study was genotyping and establishing the genetic proximity of chrysanthemum cultivars, as well as conducting genetic certification of cultivars included in the register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation. The study included 2 species (C. zawadzkii subsp. zawadzkii and C. сhanetii H.Lev.) and 23 cultivars. Genetic analysis was performed on 6 SSR loci. 42 allelic variants were identified in the studied sample. A high level of similarity in allelic composition was revealed between pairs of cultivars: 'Medea' and 'Puma White' (0.95), 'Elen' and 'Cascad’ de Orleans' (0.89), 'Admiral Alferyev' and 'Puma White' (0.88), 'Kira' and 'Medea' (0.88), 'Kira' and 'Puma White' (0.88), 'Admiral Alferyev' and 'Golden Spider' (0.86), 'Admiral Alferyev' and 'Orpheus' (0.86), 'Admiral Alferyev' and 'Kira' (0.86), 'Orpheus' and 'Puma White' (0.86). It was established that the studied cultivars of small-flowered chrysanthemums are genetically close to the species C. zawadzkii subsp. zawadzkii and C. chanetii, which are among the probable ancestral species of garden chrysanthemum. Our results demonstrated high reproducibility and informativeness of the selected SSR markers, which can be used to assess the genetic diversity and relationships between C. × morifolium cultivars.

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