The effect of nanoparticles on the organogenesis of various plant species in vitro

Currently, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has demonstrated their positive effects on explant sterilization, micropropagation, callus induction, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, genetic transformation and production of secondary metabolites. The aim of this work was to study the effect of nanoparticles of selenium (Se), silicon oxide (SiO₂) and tricalcium phosphate (Ca₃(PO₄)₂) on the growth and development in vitro of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.; Ficus carica L.; Fragaria × ananassa Dushesne; Lamium glaberrimum (K. Koch) Taliev and Rosa L. microshoots. Explants were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of NPs. An ambiguous effect of NPs on morphogenesis in vitro was revealed depending on the genotype of the crop being studied and the type and concentration of NPs used. It was found that Se NPs had a positive effect on the growth of microshoots and the formation of leaves of chrysanthemum, fig and Lamium glaberrimum. Analysis of the chlorophyll a and b content in the leaves of plants cultivated on media with Se NPs did not show a significant discrepancy between the control and experimental treatments. The exception was strawberry and rose microshoots: a concentration of 0.5 mg/l Se NPs in the nutrient medium caused a decrease in chlorophyll a/b values from 2.079/0.618 mg/g by weight to 1.272/0.293 mg/g and from 3.125/0.896 mg/g to 1.76/0.453 mg/g for strawberries and roses, respectively. The positive effect of SiO₂ NPs at concentrations of 4.0 and 5.0 mg/l on adventitious shoot formation in fig explants was shown. It was revealed that the studied concentrations of TCP NPs affected the plant habitus, but did not contribute to shoot formation. There was no significant effect of the studied concentrations of NPS Se, SiO₂ and Ca₃(PO₄)₂ on the induction of shoot formation of the studied crops.

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