Prospects for the use of introduced varieties in improving the assortment of plum (Prunus domestiсa L.)
https://doi.org/10.25684/2712-7788-2024-1-170-43-58
Abstract
The fruits of Prunus domestica L. are a healthy food product for humans, both fresh and processed. Plum genotypes from various natural regions significantly enrich the source material with sources and donors of valuable traits when used in breeding. The plum collection of the Nikita Botanical Gardens (FSBI "NBG-NSC") contains more than 200 cultivars from various growing regions. In addition to domestic cultivars, it includes introduced cultivars from 13 countries of Europe and America, from Russia and the countries of the former UIS, which amounts to 66.8% of the total number of genotypes.
Cultivars of different origins differ in tree crown habitus, ripening time, weight and taste of fruits, yield, time of fruiting, resistance to low negative temperatures, field resistance to drought and tolerance to various fungal pathogens.
When performing the studies, we were guided by generally accepted methodological recommendations. As a result of many years of study, cultivars have been selected that are sources of valuable economic and biological traits that can be used in breeding to improve the quality of fruits, increase productivity and adaptability to unfavorable environmental stress factors. 76 cultivars with a complex of valuable traits have been identified. 17 cultivars were selected - with very large fruits, seven - with ultra-early fruit ripening, 14 – with very late ripening, eight cultivars characterized by a small crown habit, 18 - high early fruitfulness, 21 – high self-fertility; 25 – high and regular yield, eight – high resistance to drought, 21 – high frost resistance. Involving selected cultivars with certain economically valuable traits in hybridization will increase the efficiency of the breeding process to create new competitive cultivars for industrial horticulture and resolve issues of import substitution.
About the Authors
L. A. Lukicheva
Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
V. M. Gorina
Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
J. S. Sokolovskay
Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Lukicheva L.A., Gorina V.M., Sokolovskay J.S. Prospects for the use of introduced varieties in improving the assortment of plum (Prunus domestiсa L.). Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation. 2024;(1 (170)):43-58. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25684/2712-7788-2024-1-170-43-58
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