Analysis of world production and prospects of breeding of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens

The purpose of the study: to analyze the scientific and technical literature, to identify trends in the world production of Cydonia oblonga Mill. and prospects for its breeding in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. The article uses official data from the FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Statistics Division). In addition, the websites of the Federal State Statistics Service and the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Gossortocommission" – the State Register of Breeding Achievements - were used. Results: in the period from 2000 to 2021, there was a significant increase in the area of quince cultivation from 47,580 to 75,894 hectares. In proportion to the growth of the areas occupied by culture, world production also increased from 427364 to 697563 tons. The leading quince producing countries in the period from 2000 to 2021 are Turkey, China, Uzbekistan, Iran, Morocco, Azerbaijan, Argentina, Serbia, Spain, Montenegro. The most efficient quince production is in Turkey (24.2 t/ha), as well as in Uzbekistan (17.9 t/ha) and Morocco (17.2 t/ha). In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the area of cultivation, yield, and gross harvest of quince. Asia occupies a leading position in production, there is a slight increase in production in Africa, there is no growth in America, in Europe there has been a slight decline in the production of quince fruits and the area of its cultivation.

The collection of quince of FSFIS «NBG-NSC» has more than 200 cultivars and forms and about 1800 hybrids. Among them, cultivars and forms bearing a complex of economically valuable traits have been selected, which are recommended for further study and introduction into production, as well as for use in breeding programs. Six cultivars are included in the State Register of cultivars of the Russian Federation suitable for cultivation in the North Caucasus region. 35 promising breeding forms have been identified from the hybrid fund for a complex of useful economic and biological traits.

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