Results of long-term research of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station on storage and processing of fruit and berry products

Modern methods of fruit storage are designed to solve the main problem - to smooth the seasonality in fruit consumption and increase the efficiency of their production. Natural conditions of the Republic of the Crimea are very favorable for growing high-quality competitive fruits of apple and pear of late ripening dates of domestic and foreign breeding, which have a long storage period, high taste, marketable and chemical qualities, and therefore suitable for health, children's and dietary nutrition. Modern intensive horticulture is constantly undergoing changes. New technological developments appear, the assortment is improved. This article presents the results of long-term research of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station on the issues of long-term storage and processing of fruit and berry products in the Crimea. The complex methodology of determining the optimal indicators of fruit removal intended for long-term storage has been improved. The optimal dates of fruit harvesting of the studied cultivars of apple and pear were determined. It was established that timely removal allows to increase yield by 10-30% and yield of fruits of the highest and first marketable cultivars due to daily increase in their weight, as well as to reduce total losses during storage in 1.5-2.5 times. Optimal temperaturehumidity and gas regimes have been selected according to storage technologies for apple, pear, plum, peach, cherry, black currant and strawberry fruits under conditions of conventional, regulated and modified gas environments. The maturity coefficient was established for a number of zoned cultivars, depending on the growing zone. The economic efficiency of fruit storage in regulated gas environment was evaluated and the advantage of this method was substantiated. Refrigerators with controlled atmosphere packing (CAP) make it possible to store fruits of seed crops until the new harvest (2-3 months longer in comparison with conventional storage) with higher marketable and flavor qualities. Thus, the maximum storage period of apples of cultivars Fuji, Golden Delicious, Pink Lady, Brebern, Jonagold, Tavria, Predgornoye in CAP was 250-270 days with a yield of standard fruit 98.0-99.8% and taste qualities 4.5-5.0 points.

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