Results of long-term breeding research of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station on seed and berry crops

The article provides a brief history of the formation of the assortment of pome and berry crops in various periods of the development of the Crimean fruit growing. The Russian scientists who have made an invaluable contribution to the development of the Crimean industrial horticulture, who have accumulated enormous work experience and rich source material, are presented. The role of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station and the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens in the creation and study of gene pool collections of apple, pear, strawberry and raspberry is shown, which is a long and time-consuming process that requires many years of effort and careful analysis. The results of long-term research on the breeding of new cultivars of pome and berry crops are presented. These studies are of great importance for the development of horticulture in the Crimea and contribute to improving the economic situation and meeting consumer needs. More than 100 cultivars of pome and berry crops have been created, of which 18 cultivars of apple, 17 – pear, 9 – strawberry, 2 – raspberry and 1 – dogwood are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. The cultivars are very popular with gardeners, have high commercial and taste qualities of fruits, yield, are drought-resistant and resistant to diseases. In the collected gene pool collections, numbering 231 cultivars of apple, 190 – pears, 60 – strawberries, 60 – raspberries, sources of valuable economic and biological traits for use in breeding programs have been identified. The economic and biological assessment of the zoned and promising cultivars of apple, pear, strawberry and raspberry created at the station and in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens is given. The cultivars selected according to their valuable characteristics are recommended for introduction into production and use in breeding work.

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