Variability of the component composition of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil in connection with its cultivation in the conditions of the Southern coast of Crimea and Donbass

Abstract

The article presents data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils from raw materials obtained during the cultivation of Salvia officinalis L. on the Southern coast of Crimea and in the Donbass. By the method of hydrodistillation according to Ginsberg, essential oil was extracted from air-dry crushed vegetable raw materials. It was found that in the raw materials from the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens and the Donetsk Botanical Gardens, its yield was 1.0 ml per 100 g of vegetable raw materials. 27 chemical compounds were identified by chromatography-mass spectrometry using data from the NIST05-WILEY2007 combined library. It was revealed that the main components of the studied oil are α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, α-thujone, β-thujone and camphor. At the same time, due to the peculiarities of the climatic conditions of growing the species, the difference in the mass fraction of components in the composition of Salvia officinalis L. essential oils was: α-pinene - 1.62 %, camphene - 1.21 %, 1.8-cineole - 5.82 %, α-thujone - 3.97 %, β-thujone - 2.49 %, camphor - 5.15 %, α-humulene - 4.34 %. It was found that the raw materials from the Donetsk Botanical Garden contained 1.1 times more α-thujone, 1.4 times β-thujone and 1.3 times camphor. In the essential oil of the sample from the raw materials obtained in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, 1,3 times more α-pinene and 1,6 times 1,8-cineole accumulated. The data obtained indicate that the component composition of essential oil samples of medicinal sage raw materials collected on the Southern coast of the Crimea and in the Donbass is variable due to different meteorological conditions of the cultivation regions.