Features of the development of symbiotrophic fungi and their prognosis in natural populations of Quercus petraea Libl.

Abstract

On Quercus petraea in the natural populations of the Crimea, 82 species of fungi from 59 genera, 38 families, 17 orders, 5 classes, 2 divisions were identified. The article presents an original methodology for the collection and multivariate analysis of symbiotrophic fungi on arboreal plants, where fungi are distributed in ecological niches, which are organs and parts of a plant. For each type of fungus, 6 main parameters are recorded that determine its location in the ecological niche: edatop, plant age, its condition, size of the substrate, as well as the intensity and prevalence of the fungus along the tree. Each finding of a fungus is displayed on a schematic drawing of the morphological structure of a tree, which is the basis for building a mycological model. For Quercus petraea, the features of the formation and development of 40 fungal species in 11 ecological niches and 10 edatopes were determined; fungi are differentiated according to the intensity of their development, distribution according to the substrate, confinement to the age of the plant; the dependence of the development of fungi on the state of the tree was established. Distribution of fungi by ecological niches was carried out, the levels of specialization of each type of fungus were established. A new technique for collecting and processing mycological material makes it possible to obtain more than 100 new data on the ecology and biology of symbiotrophic fungi.