Microelements and heavy metals in the soils of the Arboretum of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens

During the long-term economic exploitation of the lands of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, the soil cover of the Arboretum underwent a significant transformation due to the regular introduction of various kinds of ameliorants, fertile soil from other regions of the Crimea, organic and mineral fertilizers, and treatment of plants with pesticides, which could contribute to the accumulation of various pollutants in soils, including heavy metals. In this regard, the content of acid-soluble forms of Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cd, extracted with a 1M solution of HNO₃ and mobile forms of these elements, passing into an ammonium-acetate extract with pH = 4.8was measured. According to the data obtained, the long-term use of copper-containing pesticides led to the accumulation of mobile copper in the upper soil layer under the roses, the average content of which in the soils of the rose gardens was 5.2 ± 3.1, which is higher than the MAC of 3 mg/kg. Under other flower crops and under tree plantations, the average content of mobile copper was an order of magnitude less - 0.44 ± 0.25 mg / kg, and acid-soluble - 5 times less. Under all flower crops, zinc accumulated, the average content of mobile and acid-soluble fractions of which was almost twice as high as under tree species, but significantly lower than the MAC. A slight excess of the MAC for lead was revealed only in one area under woody plants. Among other elements, no significant differences in their content under floral and woody plants were revealed, and their maximum concentrations were significantly lower than the MAC, which allows us to consider Cu (except for rose gardens), Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co not as heavy metals, but as trace elements necessary for the normal functioning of living organisms.

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