Assessment of the water regime of some cultivars of the genus Chrysanthemum when introduced to the Bashkir Pre-Ural

Chrysanthemum coreanum (Levl. & Vaniot) Nakai - a perennial autumn-flowering plant of hybrid origin used for gardening and cutting. Its introduction into the conditions of the South Ural is limited by the lack of cultivars adapted to local conditions and a reasonable assortment. The main task of modern biology is to study the peculiarities of the existence of an organism depending on environmental factors. It is known that stress influences change the water regime of plants, and this in turn leads to damage at different levels of organization: dehydration of cell contents due to drought, loss of turgor, decrease in water and osmotic potential, intensity and productivity of photosynthesis. The purpose of the study was to identify the critical stages of the water regime of some cultivars of Chrysanthemum when introduced to the Bashkir Pre-Ural. The water regime was assessed using the method of artificial wilting, and the water deficit was assessed using the method of saturation of plant samples. The objects of research were 23 cultivars of Chrysanthemum coreanum . It was found that the studied cultivars did not experience a strong lack of moisture in the tissues during the observation period. Studies have shown that the introduced plants under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Ural had different indicators of drought resistance. Based on the average values of water-holding capacity, total hydration and water deficit of leaves, cultivars of Chrysanthemum coreanum were differentiated into three groups: high (‘Zagadka Oseni’, ‘Kazachka’, ‘Milashka’, ‘Solnechnaya Feeriya’), medium (‘Estino Whito’, ‘Grandeur’, ‘Vidinskiy Bal’, ‘Tango’, ‘Shapka Monomakha’, ‘Yablunevyy Tsvit’, etc.) and low drought resistance (‘Akiwa Yellow’, ‘Zolotistyy Dukat’, ‘Zolotovoloska’, ‘Solnyshko’). In general, the studied cultivars of Chrysanthemum coreanum were suitable for growing in the conditions of the Bashkir Ural.

general hydration, water retention capacity, water scarcity, Southern Urals, adaptive potential