Regularities of transformation of dimethoate in apple agrocenoses

Abstract

The aim of the research was to identify the regularities of dimethoate transformation in apple agrocenoses under the influence of protection technologies.

Methods. The work was done in Toxicological laboratory of the North Caucasus Federal scientific center of horticulture, viticulture, winemaking. The research was conducted in field and laboratory conditions with using of methodological approaches based on modern methods and techniques. The pilot territory was laid in close corporation PPF Central. The extraction of analyzed compounds by plant and soil material is carried out according to the "Guidelines for the determination of micro-quantities of pesticides in plants, processed products, soil and water".

Results. The background determination of organophosphate pesticides in soil before the planned treatments during this year revealed: the substance of dimethoate is higher the hygienic regulations in 1.3-1.4 times in 53% of the examined samples. During the harvest period, the content of dimethoate in all soil samples exceeded the permissible concentration, in the control version includes 0.3-0.5 PC of dimethoate. The accumulation of dimethoate is associated with its ability to react with complexing metal ions, which count in our soils is sufficient.

Conclusion. Compiling the apple protection system is recommended to take into account that the annual using of dimethoates implying a violation of hygienic standards in soil and apple fruits. If there is a single application, residual amounts of dimethoate are in apple fruits, and their concentrations are exceeding or staying in the maximum permissible level. The samples were taken after 40 days of treatment. We recommend to exclude these insecticides (including D. V. dimetoate) from the apple tree protection system or use single application every 2 years in the first half of growing season.