Changes in the component composition of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil depending on the method of distillation
https://doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2020-1-154-106-115
Abstract
The objective of the work was to identify changes in the amount and component composition of essential oil in the raw material of Thymus vulgaris L. (common thyme) when using different distillation methods. The object of the study was two samples of thyme-thymol and linalool chemotypes. Essential oil was obtained from freshly harvested raw materials (inflorescences in the mass flowering phase) by the following methods: hydrodistillation method on Clevenger apparatuses and steam extraction method on the installation for the production of essential oil and intermediates "Alpha-Ether Compact". The component composition of volatile substances was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the composition of volatile compounds of plant essential oil, 29 components for the thymol chemotype were identified, and 18 components for the linalool chemotype were identified. It was found that the use of the hydrodistillation method allows extracting 40-50% more essential oil. Significant differences were found between the mass fraction of extracted essential oil components using different methods and the content of the mass fraction of essential oil in the raw material of Th. vulgaris and found that depending on the method of obtaining essential oil, the proportion of volatile terpene hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing compounds changes. The method of steam distillation leads to a deterioration of the component composition of the essential oil, reducing the content of the dominant components of both chemotypes (thymol and linalool).
About the Authors
Yu. S. Khokhlov
Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
I. A. Fedotova
Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
O. M. Shevchuk
Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Biochemical methods of analysis of essential oil plants and essential oils / ed. by A.N. Karpacheva. Simferopol: VNIIMK, 1972. 107 p.
2. State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation // Ministry of health of the Russian Federation. XIII ed. Vol. 3. Moscow, 2015. 1294 p.
3. Mashanov V.I., Andreeva N.F., Mashanova N.S., Logvinenko I.E. New essential oil crops. Reference book. Simferopol: Tavria, 1988. 160 p.
4. Rabotyagov V.D., КЫурепко L.A., Bakova N.N., Mashanov V.l Annotated catalog of species and cultivars of essential oil, spicy-aromatic and food plants of the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens - Yalta: The Nikitsky Gardens, 2007. 48 p.
5. Sidorov I.I., Turysheva N.A., Faleeva L.P, Yasyukevich E.l Technology of natural essential oils and synthetic scented substances // Moscow: Legkaya i pischevaya promyshlennost 1984. 368 p.
6. Tkachev A.V. Research of volatile substances ofplants //Novosibirsk: "Ofset", 2008. 969 p.
7. Adams RP. Identification of essential oil compounds by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy// Allured Pub. Corp., USA, 2007. P.804.
8. Granger R, Passet АЛ. Vulgaris spontan'e de France: Races chimiques et chemotaxo nomie. //Phytochemistry. 1973. Vol.l2. P .1683-1691.
9. Tamura H., Sugisawa H. Thymus vulgaris L. (Thyme): In Vitro Culture and the Production of Secondary Metabolites. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry.Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Springer. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 21 (1993) P. 413-426
10. Hotta M, Nakctia R, Katsukawa M, Hori K., Takahashi S., Inoue H. Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPARa and у and suppresses COX-2 expression. // Journal of Lipid Research .2010. Vol. 51. P. 132-139.
11. Javanmardi J., Khalighi A., Kashi A., Bais H.P., Vivanco J.M. Chemical characterization of basil (Ocimum basilicumL. found in local accessions and used in traditional medicines in Iran. // Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2002. Vol 50. P. 5878-5883.
12. Kaloustian J., Abou L., Mikail C., Amiot M.J., Portugal H. Southern French thyme oils: chromatographic study of chemotypes. // Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2005. Vol 85. P. 2437-2444.
13. Letchamo W., Gosselin A. Transpiration, essential oil glands, epicuticular wax and morphology of Thymus vulgarisare influenced by light intensity and water supply. // Journal of Horticultural Science. 1996. Vol. 71. P.123-134.
14. Morales R, Stahl-Biskup E., Sdez F. The history botany and taxonomy of the genus Thymus. In Thyme. The genus Thymus. Taylor and Francis, London, UK. 1-43. 2001.
15. Sokovic M.D., Vukojevic J., Marin P.D., Brkić D.D., Vajs V., van Griensven L.J. Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. //Molecules. 2009. Vol 14. P.238-249.
16. URL: http://www.ecoalfa.ru>file/ecoalfa_ru/Alfa-Ether.pdf (access date: 03.03.2020).
17. Wei A., Shibamoto T Antioxidant/lipoxygenase inhibitory activities and chemical compositions of selected essential oils. // Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2OIO.V0I 58. P.7218-7225.
18. Wichtl M. (Ed) Teedrogen und Phytopharmaka., Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart, Germany. 2009.
19. Zu Y., Yu K, Liang L., Fu Y, Efferth T., Liu X., Wu N. Activities of ten essential oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. // Molecules. 2010. Vol. 15. P.3200-3210.
Review
For citations:
Khokhlov Yu.S., Fedotova I.A., Shevchuk O.M. Changes in the component composition of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil depending on the method of distillation. Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation. 2020;(154):106-115. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36305/2712-7788-2020-1-154-106-115
Views:
341
Email this article 