Actual direction of the sunflower cultivation technology

Abstract

Aim . This study was aimed at determining the rational method of increasing soil fertility and sunflower yield in grain-crop rotation. Methods . The influence of organic, mineral fertilizers and their combinations, as well as legumes on such indicators of soil fertility as soil moisture, the content of basic nutrients and detritus, as well as the yield of oilseeds was studied. Results . The organo-mineral complex: barley straw + oil radish seedling + N₂₄P₂₄K₂₄ had a significant impact on the positive dynamics of the studied parameters. Thus, in this embodiment, satisfactory reserves of available moisture were formed: to the phase of sunflower seedlings - 40...41 mm in the soil layer 0 - 30 cm; to the phase of sunflower flowering - 60...63 mm in the layer 0 - 50 cm and 97...98 mm - in the layer 0 - 100 cm. The formation higher reserve of detritus: 0.333% to the phase of seedlings and 0.350% to the phase of full ripeness of the culture. The application of organo-mineral fertilizers in combination with the cultivation of sunflower in binary sowing with legumes grasses (vika or sainfoin) have supported the formation of significantly higher yield of sunflower (3.14...of 3.09 t/ha), which is 20.7 and 22.6% higher than the yield of control variant. Main conclusion . In order to increase soil fertility and yield of sunflower, it is recommended to cultivate it in binary crops with legumes (vika spring or sainfoin) on the organic-mineral background (barley straw, green manure of oil radish and N₂₄P₂₄K₂₄).