Economic and biological assessment of some cultivars and forms of diploid plums in the conditions of Moscow region

Abstract

Aim. Based on the analysis of the economic and biological indicators of varieties and hybrids of diploid plums and their resistance to environmental factors, to select valuable sources for breeding based on the signs of adaptability, productivity and fruit quality. Methods. The study of economic and biological characteristics of 43 cultivars and elite forms of the genetic collection of diploid plums ( Prunus salicina Lindl., P. rossica Erem.) FSBSI ARHIBAN was carried out from 2013 to 2018 using standard techniques. Results. The terms of flowering and fruiting of 13 cultivars and 24 elite forms of Rossica plum, 3 cultivars and 3 elite forms of Japanese plum were established, they were ranked into groups, the quantitative parameters of the components of fruit productivity and quality, biotic and abiotic resistance were determined. Main conclusions. The earliest ripening is from 11.07 (elite form № 7-1-10 seedling Ranney Rozovoy), the latest ending is 18.09 (Mara). With the joint cultivation of cultivars of the three groups of ripening, the period of receipt of the fruit is 1,5 months, which allows you to prolong the period of their consumption. By the combination of characteristics, promising for use in farms of various categories of property and further selection work in the study area of 14 variety samples are recommended. According to the combination of large-fruited, taste characteristics and productivity, the following genotypes were distinguished: Kubanskaya Kometa, Nesmeyana, elite form L 14/18, Orlovskaya Mechta, elite form № G-9. As a source of signs of early ripeness and high content of BAS - elite form №. 7-1-10, seedling Ranney Rozovoy. The period of successful cultivation of diploid plums in the Moscow region is 12-15 years.