Biological activity of leached chernozem when using grain crop's straw as a fertilizer

Aim. To compensate for the loss of organic matter in leached chernozem chernozem, it seems possible to use straw of grain crops as organic fertilizer. To accelerate its decomposition and the involvement of decay products into the circulation of elements, it is necessary to use additional components, in which microbiological preparations can be used, however, native strains must be found for each specific soil type to prevent disturbances of the microbial community due to the introduction of alien species. The aim of the research was to study the biological activity of leached chernozem when plowing straw of cereals with cellulolytic micromycete ( Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016 ). Methods. The experiment was laid on leached chernozem, in the fall plowing of winter wheat and barley straw was carried out in the steam link of the grain-crop crop rotation (steam - winter wheat - sugar beet - barley). Studies of the microbial community and biochemical activity were carried out in sugar beet crops. Results. As a result of the research it was found that the use of cellulolytic micromycete contributes to an increase in the number of certain groups of soil microorganisms in connection with the intake of fresh organic matter. There is also an increase in the conditional coefficient of humification, calculated from the ratio of zymogenic and autochthonous microflora. The value of this ratio was the highest - 4.29 (in the control variant - 3.94, when plowing one straw - 3.87, straw with nitrogen fertilizer - 3.38). The same trend was observed when comparing the activity of the enzymes polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, on average over the growing season Kgum. control was 0.88, and when using straw and H.fuscoatra 1.03. This may indicate that when plowing straw with cellulolytic micromycete favorable conditions develop for the development of soil microflora, as a result of which the soil's biochemical activity remains at a higher level.

cereal straw, cellulolytic micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016), soil microflora, soil enzymatic activity