scbookБиология растений и садоводство: теория, инновацииPlant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation2712-7788Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”scbook-851Research ArticleБОТАНИКА И ЭКОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙBOTANY AND PLANT ECOLOGYПодходы к определению редкости папоротникообразных (включая плаунообразные) Социалистической Республики ВьетнамApproaches to determining the rarity of ferns (including Lycopodiophyta) for the Socialist Republic of VietnamКалюжныйС. С.KalyuzhnyS. S.

Сергей Сергеевич Калюжный

97022; ул. Профессора Попова, д. 2, литера В; Санкт-Петербург

97022; 2 Professora Popova Street, Building B; Saint-Petersburg

fernbaikal@yandex.ruШеметоваИ. С.ShemetovaI. S.

Инна Сергеевна Шеметова

664038; пос. Молодежный, здание 1/1; Иркутская область

664038; Molodezhny settlement, building 1/1; Irkutsk region

inna198410@mail.ruКаленчукТ. В.KalenchukT. V.

225710; ул. Днестровской флотилии д. 23; Брестская область; Пинск

225710; 23 Dnestrovskoy Flotilii Street; Brest Region; Pinsk

chrysanthemum@list.ruФГБНУ Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова – Ботанический сад Петра ВеликогоРоссияFGBNU V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute – Peter the Great Botanical GardenRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО Иркутский государственный аграрный университетРоссияIrkutsk State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationУО ПолесГУБеларусьUO PolesSUBelarus20252203202604 (177)4355Copyright © Калюжный С.С., Шеметова И.С., Каленчук Т.В., 20262026Калюжный С.С., Шеметова И.С., Каленчук Т.В.Kalyuzhny S.S., Shemetova I.S., Kalenchuk T.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/851

   Определение редких и находящихся под угрозой исчезновения видов растений является основополагающим требованием для программы любого уровня по сохранению биоразнообразия. По данным IUCN в мире 12,5 % высших сосудистых растений находятся под угрозой исчезновения. Социалистическая Республика Вьетнам (СРВ) является страной с высоким уровнем биологического разнообразия, где произрастает около 12000-15000 видов сосудистых растений, включая 1132 вида папоротникообразных растений. В пределах этого региона были разработаны различные нормативные документы относительно статуса сохранения видов растений, находящихся под угрозой исчезновения, а также были изданы Красные книги. Было выпущено два указа Министерством сельского хозяйства и развития сельских районов (MARD) и Министерством природных ресурсов и окружающей среды (MONRE). Последний из них – Указ 84/2021 (2021), в котором перечислены две группы видов, IA и IIA, из растений и животных, произрастающих и отмеченных на территории СРВ, запрещенных для сбора/ловли и коммерческого использования. Папоротникообразные растения можно найти только в списке IIA: Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis., все виды Cyathea ssp. (после таксономических изменений это роды Alsophila R. Br – 5 видов, Gymnosphaera Blume – 3, Sphaeropteris Bernh. – 3), Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm., Drynaria bonii Christ, D. roosii Nakaike. Рассматривая категории редкости, а также встречаемости/распространенности папоротникообразных растений на территории СРВ необходимо отметить, что часть видов отмечена только по гербарным образцам. Из-за неизученности птеридофлоры, многие виды, приводятся в данной статье впервые для региона такие как Adiantum membranifolium S.Linds. & Suksathan, Anisocampium cuspidatum (Mett. ex Bedd.) Yea C. Liu, W. L. Chiou & M. Kato. Работая в полевых условиях на севере СРВ, были обнаружены эндемики Филиппин: редчайший Diplazium pseudocyatheifolium Rosenst. и Microsorum sarawakense (Baker) Holttum. Некоторые виды, были описаны только с гербарных образцов: Leptochilus heterophyllus (S. K. Wu & P. K. Lôc) Kalyuzny (syn. Kontumia heterophylla S.K.Wu & P.K.Lôc), который приводился как узколокальный эндемик для провинции Контум. Многие виды, которые приводились для Китайской Народной Республики (КНР), также были обнаружены: Athyrium erythropodum Hayata, Cyrtomium serratum Ching & K. H. Shing, Coniogramme emeiensis Ching & K. H.Shing и др. Имеется много документов, регламентирующих различную деятельность, законы об ООПТ, в том числе, Красная книга. Многие законы не работают на местном уровне, Красная книга выходит нерегулярно (первое издание опубликовано в 1996 году, переиздание в 2007). В настоящее время, с учетом новых данных, необходимы пересмотр и существенные изменения последнего издания. Следует отметить отсутствие взаимодействия со стороны СРВ с IUCN (Международный союз охраны природы и природных ресурсов), не ведутся и не составляются списки редких видов для международной охраны Красный список МСОП (IUCN – (Red List, 2012). Но лесное законодательство развивается и появляются новые законы, ограничивающие хозяйственную деятельность.

   Identifying rare and endangered plant species is a fundamental requirement for any level of biodiversity conservation program. According to the IUCN, 12.5 % of higher vascular plants worldwide are threatened with extinction. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) is a country with enormous biodiversity, where noted approximately 12000-15000 vascular plant species, including 1132 fern species. SRV has developed various regulations regarding the conservation status of threatened plant species and published Red Data Book. Two decrees have been issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE). The most recent of these is Decree 84/2021 (2021), which lists two species groups, IA and IIA, of plants and animals growing and recorded in SRV, prohibited for collection/catching and commercial use. Ferns can be found only in List IIA: Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis., all species of Cyathea ssp. (after taxonomic changes these are the genera Alsophila R. Br, Gymnosphaera Blume, Sphaeropteris Bernh.), Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm., Drynaria bonii Christ, D. roosii Nakaike. Considering the categories of rarity, as well as the occurrence/distribution of ferns in the territory of the SRV, it should be noted that some species are noted only from herbarium specimens. Due to the practical lack of study of the pteridoflora, many species are presented by us for the first time within the region, such as Adiantum membranifolium S. Linds. & Suksathan, Anisocampium cuspidatum (Mett. ex Bedd.) Yea C. Liu, W.L. Chiou & M. Kato. While working in the field in northern Vietnam, we found endemic species from Philippine: the extremely rare Diplazium pseudocyatheifolium Rosenst., and, as it turned out, Microsorum sarawakense (Baker) Holttum, which is well represented outside the locus classicus. Some species were described only from herbarium specimens: Leptochilus heterophyllus (S. K. Wu & P. K. Lôc) Kalyuzny (syn. Kontumia heterophylla S. K. Wu & P. K. Lôc), which was cited as a local endemic for Kontum Province. We also found many species previously reported for the People's Republic of China (PRC): Athyrium erythropodum Hayata, Cyrtomium serratum Ching & K. H. Shing, Coniogramme emeiensis Ching & K. H. Shing, and others. As can be seen from the above review, there are numerous documents regulating various activities, including laws on protected areas and the Red Book. However, many laws are ignored by local populations; the Red Book is published very irregularly (the first was published in 1996, the second in 2007), and there is currently no more recent edition. Unfortunately, it should be noted that there is absolutely no interaction between the PRC and the IUCN, and lists of rare species for international protection (Red List) are not maintained or compiled. However, forestry legislation is evolving, and new laws are emerging that restrict economic activities.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.