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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbook</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биология растений и садоводство: теория, инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-7788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbook-850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БОТАНИКА И ЭКОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BOTANY AND PLANT ECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Субсредиземноморские и евросибирские типы светлохвойных и мелколиственных лесов на Северном Кавказе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Sub-Mediterranean and European-Siberian types of light-coniferous and small-leaved forests in the Northern Caucasus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Борисович Ермаков</p><p>298648; cпуск Никитский, 52; Республика Крым; Ялта; Никита; 385000; ул. Первомайская, 191; Республика Адыгея; Майкоп; 655017; ул. Ленина, 90; Республика Хакасия; Абакан</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>298648; Nikitsky Lane, 52; Republic of Crimea; Yalta; Nikita; 385000; 191 Pervomayskaya Street; Republic of Adygea; Maikop; 655017; Lenin St., 90; Republic of Khakassia; Abakan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">brunnera@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдурахманова</surname><given-names>З. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdurakhmanova</surname><given-names>Z. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Загидат Ибрагимовна Абдурахманова</p><p>367000; ул. М. Гаджиева, 45; Республика Дагестан; Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>367000; 45 M. Gadzhieva Street; Republic of Dagestan; Makhachkala</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zagidat.abdurahmanova88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асудулаев</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asudulaev</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Загирбег Магомедович Асудулаев</p><p>367000; ул. М. Гаджиева, 45; Республика Дагестан; Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>367000; 45 M. Gadzhieva Street; Republic of Dagestan; Makhachkala</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плугатарь</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plugatar</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Владимирович Плугатарь</p><p>298648; cпуск Никитский, 52; Республика Крым; Ялта; Никита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>298648; Nikitsky Lane, 52; Republic of Crimea; Yalta; Nikita</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр; Майкопский государственный технологический университет; Хакасский государственный университет им. Н. Ф. Катанова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center; Maikop State Technological University; N. F. Katanov Khakass State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Горный ботанический сад – ОП Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mountain Botanical Garden – OP of the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4 (177)</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ермаков Н.Б., Абдурахманова З.И., Асудулаев З.М., Плугатарь Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ермаков Н.Б., Абдурахманова З.И., Асудулаев З.М., Плугатарь Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ermakov N.B., Abdurakhmanova Z.I., Asudulaev Z.M., Plugatar Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/850">https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/850</self-uri><abstract><p>   Обоснованы различия и определены диагностические признаки высших классификационных категорий светлохвойных, мелколиственных травяных лесов и субальпийского березового криволесья Северного Кавказа – классов Erico–Pinetea Horvat 1956 (термофильные ксеромезофильные леса субсредиземноморского типа) и Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae (Ermakov et al., 1991) (евросибирские мезофильные гемибореальные леса), на основе результатов количественного и сравнительного синтаксономического анализов ценофлор девяти синтаксонов (7 ассоциаций и 4 варианта). Показано, что гемибореальные леса Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae подразделются на два крупных порядка в соответствии с их высотно-поясной дифференциацией и экологическими факторами тепло-влагообеспеченности – Alchemillo sericatae–Pinetalia sylvestris (Ermakov et al., 2020) (ксеро-мезофильные березово-сосновые леса) и Acero trautvetteri–Betuletalia litwinowii (Ermakov et al., 2020) (мезофильные сосново-березовые и березовые леса). Березовые криволесья и березовые леса верхней части лесного пояса представляют единое целое и по совокупности эколого-флористических и структурно-фитоценотических критериев они не могут рассматриваться в системе субальпийской кустарниковой растительности класса Betulo carpaticae–Alnetea viridis (Rejmanek et al., 2014), как это было предложено при классификации растительности Европы. Эти типы растительности включены в класс евросибирских лесов Brachypodio–Betuletea. Восточно-кавказские термофильные сосновые леса субсредиземноморского типа класса Erico–Pinetea характеризуются сочетанием высокого уровня эндемизма и специфичных жизненных форм растений, что позволяет рассматривать их в ранге отдельного порядка Onobrychido cornutae–Pinetalia sylvestris (Ermakov et al., ord. Nov).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The differences and diagnostic features of the higher classification categories of light-coniferous, small-leaved herbal forests and subalpine birch krummholz of the North Caucasus – the classes Erico–Pinetea Horvat 1956 (thermophilous xeric forests of the sub-Mediterranean type) and Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae (European-Siberian mesophilous hemiboreal forests) were demonstrated after the results of quantitative and comparative syntaxonomic analyses of nine syntaxa (7 associations and 4 variants). The results showed that the hemiboreal forests of Brachypodio pinnati–Betuletea pendulae are subdivided into two orders according to their altitudinal differentiation and ecological factors of heat and humidity - Alchemillo sericatae–Pinetalia sylvestris (xero–mesophilous birch-pine forests) and Acero trautvetteri–Betuletalia litwinowii (mesophilous pine-birch and birch forests). Birch krummholz and birch forests cannot be considered in the class of subalpine shrub vegetation – Betulo carpaticae–Alnetea viridis in accordance with ecological, floristic and structural-phytocenotic criteria, as proposed in the vegetation classification of Europe. These vegetation types were included in European-Siberian forests of the class Brachypodio–Betuletea. The floristic composition of East Caucasian thermophilous pine forests of the sub-Mediterranean class Erico–Pinetea are characterized by a high level of endemism and specific plant life forms, which allows them to be considered in the rank of the special order Onobrychido cornutae–Pinetalia sylvestris ord. nov.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сосновые</kwd><kwd>березовые леса</kwd><kwd>классификация растительности</kwd><kwd>Erico–Pinetea</kwd><kwd>Brachypodio–Betuletea</kwd><kwd>Кавказ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pine</kwd><kwd>birch forests</kwd><kwd>vegetation classification</kwd><kwd>Erico–Pinetea</kwd><kwd>Brachypodio–Betuletea</kwd><kwd>Caucasus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-24-00077, https://rscf.ru/project/24-24-00077/</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 24-24-00077, https://rscf.ru/project/24-24-00077/</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермаков Н.Б., Абдурахманова З.И., Потапенко И.Л. 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