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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbook</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биология растений и садоводство: теория, инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-7788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbook-848</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫ И СОХРАНЕНИЕ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ И КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ: МОБИЛИЗАЦИЯ, ИЗУЧЕНИЕ, СОХРАНЕНИЕ, ЭКСПОНИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GENETIC RESOURCES AND PRESERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY OF NATURAL AND CULTIVATED PLANTS: MOBILIZATION, STUDY, PRESERVATION, EXHIBITING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От интродукции к биобезопасности: новая миссия ботанических садов в контроле фитоинвазий урбанизированных территорий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From introduction to biosafety: the new mission of botanical gardens in the control of phytoinvasions of urbanized territories</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плугатарь</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plugatar</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Владимирович Плугатарь</p><p>298648; спуск Никитский, 52; Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>298648; Nikitsky descent, 52; Republic of Crimea, Yalta, Nikita</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eastgardens@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелепова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelepova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Шелепова</p><p>127276; ул. Ботаническая, 4; Москва</p><p>E-mail: gbsad@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>127276; Botany St., 4; Moscow</p><p>E-mail: gbsad@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shov_gbsad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Константиновна Виноградова</p><p>127276; ул. Ботаническая, 4; Москва</p><p>E-mail: gbsad@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>127276; Botany St., 4; Moscow</p><p>E-mail: gbsad@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shov_gbsad@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голосова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golosova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Голосова</p><p>298648; спуск Никитский, 52; Республика Крым, Ялта, Никита; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>298648; Nikitsky descent, 52; Republic of Crimea, Yalta, Nikita; Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eastgardens@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр;  Санкт-Петербургский лесотехнический университет им. С.М. Кирова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center; S. M. Kirov St. Petersburg Forestry University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4 (177)</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плугатарь Ю.В., Шелепова О.В., Виноградова Ю.К., Голосова Е.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плугатарь Ю.В., Шелепова О.В., Виноградова Ю.К., Голосова Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Plugatar Y.V., Shelepova O.V., Vinogradova Y.K., Golosova E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/848">https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/848</self-uri><abstract><p>   Данная статья посвящена анализу фундаментальной трансформации миссии ботанических садов в XXI веке, прослеживая их эволюцию от центров интродукции декоративных или хозяйственно-ценных растений к ключевым институтам, ответственным за биобезопасность природных фитоценозов и устойчивое развитие городских экосистем. В исследовании подчеркивается растущая экологическая угроза, которую представляют инвазионные виды растений на урбанизированных территориях, усугубляемая процессами глобализации и развитием коммерческого садоводства. Подробно рассматриваются различные пути интродукции, как преднамеренные, так и случайные, и выделяется особая уязвимость городской среды, обусловленная нарушенностью экосистем и множеством векторов интродукции. Значительная часть анализа посвящена многообразной роли, которую современные ботанические сады выполняют сегодня. Эти функции выходят за рамки их традиционных задач и включают комплексный мониторинг и раннее обнаружение инвазионных видов, научные исследования их биологии и экологии, а также тщательную оценку рисков новых растений до их интродукции. Кроме того, ботанические сады находятся на передовой разработки и апробации методов контроля и играют ключевую роль в просвещении населения, повышая осведомленность о рисках, связанных с чужеродными видами, и пропагандируя использование аборигенных растений. На примере Российской Федерации и сети ее ботанических садов в качестве основного объекта исследования в статье рассматривается практическая реализация национального «Кодекса управления поведением инвазионных чужеродных видов». Она включает создание региональных «чёрных списков» и разработку базы данных «ИРИС», которая представляет собой полную инвентаризацию инвазионных растений по всей стране. Прикладные исследования проведены на территории Москвы в ответ на принципиально новую задачу, поставленную городскими властями перед ботаническими садами: обеспечить экологическую безопасность городских зелёных насаждений путём анализа и оптимизации их качественного состава. Исследование завершается практическим применением: подробным, категоризированным списком из 32 опасных инвазионных видов для города Москвы, снабженным конкретными рекомендациями по управлению для целей городского озеленения. В статье делается вывод о необходимости смены парадигмы в сторону системы биобезопасности, координируемой ботаническими садами и интегрирующей науку, нормативное регулирование и вовлечение общественности, что является залогом обеспечения экологической устойчивости городской среды. Эта новая модель позиционирует ботанические сады как незаменимых лидеров по сдерживанию фитоинвазий в глобальном масштабе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   This article analyzes the fundamental transformation of the mission of botanical gardens in the 21st century, tracing their evolution from centers of introduction of ornamental or economically valuable plants to key institutions responsible for the biosafety of natural phytocenoses and the sustainable development of urban ecosystems. The study highlights the growing environmental threat posed by invasive plant species in urbanized areas, exacerbated by the processes of globalization and the development of commercial horticulture. Various ways of introduction, both intentional and accidental, are considered in detail, and the special vulnerability of the urban environment is highlighted due to the disturbance of ecosystems and the multitude of vectors of introduction. A significant part of the analysis is devoted to the diverse role that modern botanical gardens play today. These functions go beyond their traditional tasks and include comprehensive monitoring and early detection of invasive species, scientific studies of their biology and ecology, as well as a thorough assessment of the risks of new plants before their introduction. In addition, botanical gardens are at the forefront of developing and testing control methods and play a key role in educating the public by raising awareness of the risks associated with alien species and promoting the use of native plants. Using the example of the Russian Federation and its network of botanical gardens as the main object of research, the article examines the practical implementation of the national Code of Conduct for Invasive Alien Species. It includes the creation of regional "blacklists" and the development of the "IRIS" database, which is a complete inventory of invasive plants throughout the country. Applied research was conducted in Moscow in response to a fundamentally new task set by the city authorities for botanical gardens: to ensure the environmental safety of urban green spaces by analyzing and optimizing their qualitative composition. The study concludes with a practical application: a detailed, categorized list of 32 dangerous invasive species for the city of Moscow, provided with specific management recommendations for urban landscaping purposes. The article concludes that there is a need for a paradigm shift towards a biosafety system coordinated by botanical gardens and integrating science, regulatory control and public engagement, which is the key to ensuring the environmental sustainability of the urban environment. This new model positions botanical gardens as indispensable leaders in curbing phytoinvasions on a global scale.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ботанические сады</kwd><kwd>инвазионные виды</kwd><kwd>городское озеленение</kwd><kwd>экологическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>контроль инвазий</kwd><kwd>экологическое просвещение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>botanical gardens</kwd><kwd>invasive species</kwd><kwd>urban landscaping</kwd><kwd>environmental safety</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>invasion control</kwd><kwd>environmental education</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Никитского ботанического сада – Национального научного центра РАН – по теме № FNNS-2025-0004 «Пополнение и изучение биоресурсных коллекций декоративных культур с целью отбора перспективных интродуцентов и создания новых сортов для озеленения; разработка принципов формирования культурных ландшафтов с учетом агроэкологических, энтомологических и фитопатологических аспектов», теме FNNS- 2025-0012 «Реализация мероприятий по научно-методическому сопровождению комплексного плана научных исследований «Фиторазнообразие и экологическая безопасность России» и подготовка информационных материалов по биоресурсным центрам и биологическим (биоресурсным) коллекциям», теме государственного задания № 122042600141-3 Главного ботанического сада им. Н. В. Цицина РАН «Инвазионные растения России: инвентаризация, биоморфологические особенности и эффективные методы борьбы с расселением» и договора № 6.17.8-07э/0625-1509 с Национальным исследовательским университетом "Высшая школа экономики"</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences – on topic No. FNNS-2025-0004 "Replenishment and study of bioresource collections of ornamental crops in order to select promising introducers and create new varieties for landscaping; development of principles for the formation of cultural landscapes taking into account agroecological, entomological and phytopathological aspects", the topic FNNS- 2025-0012 "Implementation of measures for scientific and methodological support of the integrated research plan "Phytodiversity and environmental safety of Russia" and preparation of information materials on bioresource centers and biological (bioresource) collections", the topic of state assignment No. 122042600141-3 of the Main Botanical N.V. Tsitsin Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Invasive Plants of Russia: inventory, biomorphological features, and effective methods of combating settlement" and contract No. 6.17.8-07e/0625-1509 with National Research University</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградова Ю.К. Кодекс управления инвазионными чужеродными видами растений в ботанических садах стран СНГ. М.: ГБС, 2015. 68 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradova Yu.K. The Code of management of invasive alien plant species in botanical gardens of the CIS countries. Moscow: MBG, 2015. 68 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградова Ю.К., Майоров С.Р., Яценко И.О. 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