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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbook</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биология растений и садоводство: теория, инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-7788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbook-811</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ И ОХРАНА ПРИРОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGY AND NATURE PRESERVATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие мужской генеративной сферы Quercus Ilex L. (Fagaceae) в условиях Южного Берега Крыма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of the male generative sphere of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae) in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>Т. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Николаевна Кузьмина</p><p>298648; спуск Никитский, 52; Республика Крым; Ялта; Никита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>298648; Nikitsky Descent, 52; Republic of Crimea; Yalta; Nikita</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tnkuzmina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевченко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevchenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Васильевна Шевченко</p><p>298648; спуск Никитский, 52; Республика Крым; Ялта; Никита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>298648; Nikitsky Descent, 52; Republic of Crimea; Yalta; Nikita</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсакова</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsakova</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Павловна Корсакова</p><p>298648; спуск Никитский, 52; Республика Крым; Ялта; Никита</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>298648; Nikitsky Descent, 52; Republic of Crimea; Yalta; Nikita</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1 (174)</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузьмина Т.Н., Шевченко С.В., Корсакова С.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина Т.Н., Шевченко С.В., Корсакова С.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzmina Т.N., Shevchenko S.V., Korsakova S.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/811">https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/811</self-uri><abstract><p>   Представлены результаты исследования генезиса пыльников Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae) и качества его пыльцевых зерен в зависимости от высоты произрастания и формы цветения. Установлено, что дифференциация клеточных слоев пыльников Q. ilex начинается в III декаде июля года, предшествующего цветению. В начале октября формируются спорогенные клетки. В этом состоянии генеративные почки находятся в течение шести месяцев. Реактивация ростовых процессов и дифференцировка клеточных слоев микроспорангиев происходит в апреле. Переход пыльников Q. ilex ранней формы цветения к микроспорогенезу наблюдался во II декаде апреля, а у поздней формы мейоз был отмечен в III декаде апреля. Пыление у Q. ilex в зависимости от формы цветения наблюдалось в I – III декадах мая. Формирование слоев стенки микроспорангия Q. ilex происходит по центробежному типу. Тапетум секреторного типа. Стенка сформированного пыльника состоит из эпидермы, эндотеция, среднего слоя и тапетума. В зрелом состоянии она образована из эпидермальных клеток и эндотеция с фиброзными утолщениями. Микроспорогенез у Q. ilex идет по симультанному типу с образованием тетрад с тетраэдрическим расположением микроспор. Зрелые пыльцевые зерна у Q. ilex двухклеточные. При аномальном развитии пыльников не происходит апоптоз клеток тапетальной ткани, в результате чего развитие микроспор приостанавливается, что приводит к стерильности. Выявлено, что качество пыльцы Q. ilex зависит от высоты произрастания растения и характера цветения. Наибольшая доля морфологически нормальных пыльцевых зерен отмечалась у растений ранней формы цветения, расположенных на высоте 160 м. н. у. м. (85 − 90 %). У деревьев Q. ilex, растущих на высоте 30 м. н. у. м, преобладали аномальные и стерильные пыльцевые зерна.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The results of the study of the genesis of anthers of Quercus ilex L. (Fagaceae) and the quality of its pollen grains, depending on the height of growth and the form of flowering, are presented. It has been established that differentiation of the cell layers of the anthers of Q. ilex begins in the 3rd decade of July of the year preceding flowering. Sporogenic cells form in early October. Generative buds have been in that state for six months. The reactivation of growth processes and differentiation of the cell layers of microsporangium occurs in April. Transition of anthers Q. ilex of the early flowering form to microsporogenesis was observed in the 2nd decade of April, and in the late form meiosis was noted in the 3rd decade of April. Dusting in Q. ilex, depending on the form of flowering, was observed in the 1st – 3rd decades of May. The differentiation of the microsporangium wall of Q. ilex has a centrifugal type. The tapetum is secretory type. The wall of the formed anther consists of the epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum. In its mature state, it is formed from epidermal cells and endothecium with fibrous thickenings. Microsporogenesis in Q. ilex follows a simultaneous type with the formation of tetrades with tetrahedral decomposition of microspores. Mature pollen grains in Q. ilex are bicellular. In Q. ilex, with abnormal development of anthers, apoptosis of tapetal tissue cells does not occur, as a result of which the development of microspores was suspended, which led to sterility. It was revealed that the quality of pollen of Q. ilex depends on the height of the plant and the form of flowering. The largest proportion of morphologically normal pollen grains was observed in early flowering plants located at an altitude of 160 m a. s.l. (85−90 %). Abnormal and sterile pollen grains prevailed in plants growing at an altitude of 30 m a. s. l.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дуб</kwd><kwd>цитоэмбриология покрытосеменных растений</kwd><kwd>пыльник</kwd><kwd>генезис</kwd><kwd>микроспорогенез</kwd><kwd>пыльцевые зерна</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oak</kwd><kwd>cytoembryology</kwd><kwd>anther</kwd><kwd>genesis</kwd><kwd>microsporogenesis</kwd><kwd>pollen grains</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы Госзадания ФГБУН «НБС-ННЦ» № FNNS- 2022-0003</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the State Task № FNNS-2022- 0003 of FSFIS «NBG-NSC»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Камелина О.П. Систематическая эмбриология цветковых растений. 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