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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbook</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биология растений и садоводство: теория, инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-7788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbook-787</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕМЕНОВОДСТВО И СЕЛЕКЦИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SEED PRODUCTION AND PLANT BREEDING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Достижения и основные направления отечественной и зарубежной селекции риса на адаптивность и устойчивость к полеганию</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Achievements and main directions of domestic and foreign rice breeding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончарова</surname><given-names>Ю. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharova</surname><given-names>Yu. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Константиновна Гончарова,   </p><p>350921, г. Краснодар, пос. Белозерный, 3.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuliya_goncharova_20@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктория Васильевна Симонова,</p><p>350921, г. Краснодар, пос. Белозерный, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гончаров</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goncharov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Владимирович Гончаров,</p><p>350921, г. Краснодар, пос. Белозерный, 3.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр риса»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3 (172)</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гончарова Ю.К., Симонова В.В., Гончаров С.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончарова Ю.К., Симонова В.В., Гончаров С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharova Y.K., Simonova V.V., Goncharov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/787">https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/787</self-uri><abstract><p>Первая зеленая революция привела к увеличению урожайности многих культур за счет использования отзывчивых на высокие дозы азота полукарликовых форм. Потенциал урожайности современных инбредных и гибридных форм риса, достиг своего плато на уровне 10–12 т/га, что в значительной степени было достигнуто за счет увеличение индекса урожая с 0,3 традиционных сортов до 0,50–0,55 современных инбредных сортов и за счет изменения как биомассы, так и урожайности.  Для преодоления плато урожайности риса были предложен новый тип растений (NPT), характеризующийся близкой к идеальной морфологии, крупной метелкой, повышенным фотосинтезом и устойчивостью к полеганию. В селекции на высокий потенциал урожайности устойчивость к полеганию (LR) всегда является ключевой целью, поскольку это фактор, ограничивающий урожайность в орошаемых системах с высоким расходом воды и химикатов. К признакам стебля, влияющим на полегание, относятся: длина и толщина междоузлий, высота растения, толщина стенки стебля, обертывание междоузлий влагалищами листа и толщина листа. Во многих работах отмечено, что высокие показатели по признакам, характеризующим развитие корня, во многом определяют, как засухоустойчивость, так и эффективность минерального питания. Выявлен широкий размах варьирования по признакам, характеризующим размеры корневой системы и характеристики стебля у отечественных сортов риса, а также источники по признакам для повышения эффективности селекции. Длина корня у изучаемых сортов была в среднем 15,96 см, у восьми выделенных источников превышала 20 см. Его масса превышала 4 грамма у семи образцов (среднее значение 2,33 г). Также в два раза было выше значение у источников по признаку, чем в среднем у изучаемых сортов по признаку «масса отрезка стебля», в полтора по признаку «ширина стебля у основания».  </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The first green revolution resulted in increased yields for many crops through the introduction of semidwarf forms responsive to high nitrogen inputs. The yield potential of modern inbred and hybrid rice forms reached a plateau at 10–12 t/ha, largely due to an increase in the yield index from 0.3 of traditional cultivars to 0.50–0.55 of modern inbred cultivars and to changes in both biomass and yield. To overcome the rice yield plateau, new plant types (NPTs) characterized by near-perfect morphology, large panicles, increased photosynthesis and lodging resistance were introduced. In breeding for high yield potential, lodging resistance (LR) is always a key target, as it is a yield-limiting factor in irrigated systems with high water and chemical inputs. The stem traits that affect lodging include: length and thickness of internodes, plant height, stem wall thickness, wrapping of internodes by leaf sheaths and leaf thickness. Many studies have noted that high rates of traits characterizing root development largely determine both drought resistance and the effectiveness of mineral nutrition. A wide range of variations in traits characterizing the size of the root system and stem characteristics in domestic rice cultivars was revealed, as well as sources for traits to improve the efficiency of selection. The root length in the studied cultivars was on average 15.96 cm, in eight selected sources it exceeded 20 cm. Its weight exceeded 4 grams in seven samples (average value 2.33 g). Also, the value was twice as high in sources for the trait than on average in the studied cultivars for the trait weight of a stem segment, one and a half times for the trait width of the stem at the base.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селекция</kwd><kwd>рис</kwd><kwd>урожайность</kwd><kwd>устойчивость к полеганию</kwd><kwd>адаптивность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breeding</kwd><kwd>rice</kwd><kwd>yield</kwd><kwd>lodging resistance</kwd><kwd>adaptability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харитонов Е.М., Гончарова Ю.К., Иванов А.Н. Совершенствование методов оценки селекционного материала риса // Доклады Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук. 2014. № 4. С. 8-10. [Kharitonov E.M., Goncharova Yu.K., Ivanov A.N. 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