<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbook</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биология растений и садоводство: теория, инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-7788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36305/2712-7788-2021-3-160-50-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbook-640</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭНТОМОЛОГИЯ И ФИТОПАТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>БАКТЕРИАЛЬНЫЕ ИНСЕКТОАКАРИЦИДЫ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ: ИЗУЧЕНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bacterial insectoacaricides for plant protection: study and prospects of application</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долженко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolzhenko</surname><given-names>Т. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долженко Татьяна Васильевна</p><p>196601, Санкт-Петербург — Пушкин, Петербургское ш., Д. 2,</p><p>196608, Санкт-Петербург — Пушкин, ул. Пушкинская, Д. 20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolzhenkotv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет; &#13;
ООО "Инновационный центр защиты растений"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>160</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долженко Т.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долженко Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolzhenko Т.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/640">https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/640</self-uri><abstract><p>Энтомопатогенные препараты на основе бактерии Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (BT) играют ключевую роль в биологической защите растений. Доля ВТ на мировом рынке биопестицидов составляет около 90-95%. Специфичность, экологическая безопасность и спектр действия - это характеристики, позволяющие препаратам на основе этой бактерии занимать важное место среди средств защиты растений. Bacillus thuringiensis - это грамположительные почвенные бактерии, поражающие беспозвоночных. Благодаря огромному диапазону хозяев ВТ стал ведущим продуцентом биопестицидов. Энтомоцидное действие бактерии обеспечивается либо токсинами, содержащими белковые кристаллы (Cry и Cyt), продуцируемыми в стационарной фазе, либо растворимыми токсинами семейств Vip и Sip, секретируемыми вегетативными клетками. В то же время обнаружены многочисленные нетоксиновые факторы вирулентности ВТ: металлопротеазы, хитиназы и др. Bacillus thuringiensis характеризуется полиферментативными свойствами: обнаружены ферменты из класса гидролаз, поэтому бактерия одновременно проявляет активность против вредных насекомых и фитопатогенных грибов. Отмечены антибактериальные свойства ВТ и способность стимулировать рост растений, индуцируя систему защиты растения от болезней. Токсикологические исследования, проводимые в течение 50 лет во всем мире, показали безопасность ВТ и её метаболитов, включая инсектицидные белки и другие вещества, что и позволяет широко их использовать в практике защиты растений. Новым направлением в защите растений является использование трансгенных растений на основе Bacillus thuringiensis . Внедряя гены ВТ, а точнее cry -гены эндотоксина в растения, получают трансгенные растения, устойчивые к вредным насекомым.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Entomopathogenic preparations based on the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (BT) play a key role in the biological protection of plants. The share of BT in the global market of biopesticides is about 90-95%. Specificity, environmental safety and spectrum of action are the features that allow preparations based on this bacterium to occupy an important place among plant protection products. Bacillus thuringiensis is a gram-positive soil bacterium that affects invertebrates. Due to the huge range of hosts, BT has become a leading producer of biopesticides. The entomocidal effect of the bacterium is provided either by toxins containing protein crystals (Cry and Cyt) produced in the stationary phase, or by soluble toxins of the Vip and Sip families secreted by vegetative cells. At the same time, numerous non-toxic virulence factors of BT were found: metalloproteases, chitinases, etc. Bacillus thuringiensis is characterized by poly-enzymatic properties: enzymes from the class of hydrolases have been detected, so the bacterium simultaneously shows activity against harmful insects and phytopathogenic fungi. The antibacterial properties of BT and the ability to stimulate plant growth, inducing a plant protection system against diseases, are noted. Toxicological studies conducted for 50 years around the world have shown the safety of BT and its metabolites, including insecticidal proteins and other substances, which allows them to be widely used in plant protection practice. A new direction in plant protection is the use of transgenic plants based on Bacillus thuringiensis . By introducing BT genes, or rather cry-endotoxin genes into plants, transgenic plants that are resistant to harmful insects are obtained.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эндотоксин</kwd><kwd>экзотоксин</kwd><kwd>энтомоцидное действие</kwd><kwd>биологическая эффективность</kwd><kwd>биопестициды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner</kwd><kwd>endotoxin</kwd><kwd>exotoxin</kwd><kwd>entomocidal effect</kwd><kwd>biological efficacy</kwd><kwd>biopesticides</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусова М.Е. Энтомоцидная активность новых штаммов и экспериментальных инсектицидов на основе Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Автореф. дисс…канд. биол. наук: 06.01.07 - защита растений / ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева». СПб, 2019. 20 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousova M.E. Entomocidal activity of new strains and experimental insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Extended abstract of dissertation of Cand. Biol. sciences: 06.01.07 — plant protection / Russian State University — Moskow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. St. Petrsburg, 2019. 20 .</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белоусова М.Е., Гришечкина С.Д., Ермолова В.П., Антонец К.С., Марданов А.В., Ракитин А.Л., Белецкий А.В., Равин Н.В., Нижников А.А. Секвенирование генома штамма Bacillus thuringiensis var. Darmstadiensis 56 и изучение инсектицидной активности биологического препарата на его основе // Сельскохозяйственная биология. 2020. Т. 55, № 1. С. 87-96. DOI:10.15389/agrobiology.2020.1.87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousova M.E., Grishechkina S.D., Ermolova V.P., Antonets K.S., Mardanov A.V., Rakitin A.L., Beletskii A.V., Ravin N.V., Nizhnikov A.A. Genome sequencing Bacillus thuringiensis strain var. Darmstadiensis 56 and the study of the insecticidal activity of a biological drug based on it. Agricultural biology. 2020. 55 (1): 87-96. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2020.1.87</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гришечкина С.Д., Ермолова В.П., Романова Т.А., Нижников А.А. Поиск природных изолятов Bacillus thuringiensis для создания экологически безопасных биологических препаратов // Сельскохозяйственная биология. 2018. Т. 53, № 5. С.1062-1069. DOI: 10.15389/agrobiology.2018.5.1062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishechkina S.D., Ermolova V.P., Romanova T.A., Nizhnikov A.A. Search for natural izolates of Bacillus thuringiensis for the creation of environmentally safe biological preparations // Agricultural biology. 2018. 53 (5): 1062-1069. https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2018.5.1062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гришечкина С.Д., Коваленко Т.К. Эффективность микробиологического препарата Бацикол против 28-точечной картофельной коровки Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) на Дальнем Востоке // Вестник защиты растений. 2017. № 1 (91). С. 48-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishechkina S.D., Kovalenko T.K. The effektiveness of the microbiological preparation Bacicol against the 28-point potato cow Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motsch. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the Far East // Bulletin of Plant Protection. 2017. № 1 (91): 48-52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Долженко Т.В. Биологизация и экологическая оптимизация ассортимента средств защиты сельскохозяйственных культур от вредителей. Автореф. дисс…докт. биол. наук: 06.01.07 - защита растений / ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева». СПб. - Пушкин, 2017. 44 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolzhenko T.V. Biologization and ecological optimization of the range of crop protection products from pest. Extended abstract of dissertation of doct. biol. scinces: 06.01.07 – plant protection / FGBOU VO «Russian State Agrarian Universitetu – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev». St. Peterburg - Pushkin, 2017. 44 .</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жученко А.А. Роль биологических методов в адаптивно-интегрированной системе защиты растений // Биологическая защита растений - основа стабилизации агроэкосистем. Вып. 5. Краснодар, 2008. С. 5-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuchenko A.A. The role of biological methods in the adaptive-integrated plant protection sistem // Biological plant protection-the basis for the stabilization of agroecosystems. Vol. 5. Krasnodar, 2008. 5-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калмыкова Г.В. Скрининг антагонистической и ростостимулирующей активности штаммов Bacillus thuringiensis // Биологическая защита растений - основа стабилизации агроэкосистем. Вып. 9. Краснодар, 2016. С. 238-240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalmykova G.V. Screening of antagonistic and growth-stimulating aktivity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains// Biological plant protection-the basis for the stabilization of agroecosystems. Vol. 9. Krasnodar, 2016. 238-240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кандыбин Н.В., Патыка Т.И., Ермолова В.П., Патыка В.Ф. Микробиоконтроль численности насекомых и его доминанта Bacillus thuringiensis. СПб., Пушкин, 2009. 244 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kandybin N.V., Patyka T.I., Ermolova V.P., Patyka V.F. Microbiokontrol of insect abundance and its dominant Bacillus thuringiensis. St. Peterburg, Pushkin, 2009. 244.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коломиец Э.И. Вклад микробиологической науки в развитие агротехнологий в Республике Беларуси // Наука и инновации. 2016. № 6. С. 23-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolomiets E.I. Contribution of microbiological science to the development of agricultural technologies in the Republic of Belarus. Science and innovations. 2016. 6: 23-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коломиец Э.И. Биологические средства защиты растений как основа оздоровления и стабилизации агробиоценозов // Информационный бюллетень ВПРС МОББ. 2017. № 52. С.172-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolomiets E.I. Biological meams of plant protection as a basis for improving and stabilizing agrobiocenoses // The information byulletin VPRS MOBB. 2017. 52: 172-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мунтян Е.М. Перспективы создания полифункциональных средств защиты растений на основе Bacillus thuringiensis // Биологическая защита растений - основа стабилизации агроэкосистем. Вып. 9. Краснодар, 2016. С.269-272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muntyan E.M. Perspects for creating multifunctional plant protects based on Bacillus thuringiensis // Biological plant protection-the basis for the stabilization of agroecosystems. Vol. 9. Krasnodar, 2016. 269-272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патыка Т.И. Bacillus thuringiensis в микробиологическом контроле численности насекомых. Автореф. дисс…докт. сельскохозяйственных наук: 03.00.07 - микробиология / Уманский государственный аграрный университет. Умань, 2010. 39 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patyka T.I. Bacillus thuringiensis in the microbiological control of the insect population. Extended abstract of dissertation of Doct. Agricultural Sciences: 03.00.07 - Microbiology / Uman State Agrarian University. Uman, 2010. 39 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рябчинская Т.А., Харченко Г.Л. Экологизация защиты яблони от вредных организмов. М.: Росинформагротех, 2006. 188 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryabchinskaya T.A., Kharchenko G.L. Ecologization of apple tree protection from harmful organisms. Moskow: Rosinformagrotech, 2006. 188 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трепашко Л.И., Быковская А.В., Немкевич М.Г. Эффективность применения бактериальных биопрепаратов для снижения вредоносности стеблевого кукурузного мотылька // Микробные биотехнологии: фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты. Минск: Беларуская навука, 2017. С.188-190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trepashko L.I., Bykovskaya A.V., Nemkevich M.G. The Effectiveness of the use of bacterial biological products to reduce the harmfulness of the corn stem moth // Mikrobial biotechnologies: fundamental and applied aspects. Minsk: Belorusskaya navuka, 2017. P.188-190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хужамшукуров Н.А., Газиева Ш.К., Агзамова Х.К. Системный анализ эффективности биопрепарата Antibac Uz против хлопковой совки на хлопчатнике // Информационный бюллетень ВПРС МОББ. 2017. № 52. С. 308-313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khuzhamshukurov N.A., Gazieva Sh.K., Agzamova Kh.K. System analysis of the effectiveness of the biological preparation Antibac Uz against cotton scoops on cotton // The information byulletin of the VPRS MOBB. 2017, 52. 308-313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Штерншис М.В., Беляев А.А., Цветкова В.П., Шпатова Т.В., Леляк А.А., Бахвалов С.А. Биопрепараты на основе бактерий рода Bacillus для управления здоровьем растений. Новосибирск: Издательство СО РАН, 2016. 233 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shternshis M.V., Belyaev A.A., Tsvetkova V.P., Shpatova T.V., Lelyak A.A., Bakhvalov S.A. Biological preparations based on bacteria of the genus Bacillus for plant health management. Novosibirsk: Publishing House of SB RAS, 2016. 233 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ягодинская Л.П. Эффективность акарицидов против клещей-фитофагов на плодовых культурах // Сборник научных трудов ГНБС. 2016. Т 142. С. 128-138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yagodinskaya L.P. The effektiveness of acaritsides against phytophagous mites on fruit crops // Collection of scientific works of the SNBG. 2016. 142: 128-138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bravo A., Likitvivatanavong S., Gill S.S., Soberón M. Bacillus thuringiensis: A story of a successful bioinsecticide // Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2011. Vol. 41. P. 423-431.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bravo A., Likitvivatanavong S., Gill S.S., Soberón M. Bacillus thuringiensis: A story of a successful bioinsecticide // Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2011. Vol. 41. P. 423-431.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crickmore N., Berry C., Paneerselvam S., Mishra R., Connor T.R., Bonning B.C. A structure-based nomenclature for Bacillus thuringiensis and other bacteria-derived pesticidal proteins // Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107438</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crickmore N., Berry C., Paneerselvam S., Mishra R., Connor T.R., Bonning B.C. A structure-based nomenclature for Bacillus thuringiensis and other bacteria-derived pesticidal proteins // Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2020.107438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibrahim M.A, Griko N., Junker M. Bacillus thuringiensis. A genomics and proteomics perspective // Bioengineered Bugs. 2010. Vol. 1 (1). P. 31-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibrahim M.A, Griko N., Junker M. Bacillus thuringiensis. A genomics and proteomics perspective // Bioengineered Bugs. 2010. Vol. 1 (1). P. 31-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krieg A. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Über seine Biologie, Pathogenie und Anwendung in der Biologischenschädlingsbekämpfung (In memoriam Dr. Ernst Berliner (1988-1957)) // Mitteilungenaus der Biologischenbundesanstalt für Land- und Förstwirtschaft. Berlin, Dahlem. Heft 103, April. 1961. P. 7-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krieg A. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. Über seine Biologie, Pathogenie und Anwendung in der Biologischenschädlingsbekämpfung (In memoriam Dr. Ernst Berliner (1988-1957)) // Mitteilungenaus der Biologischenbundesanstalt für Land- und Förstwirtschaft. Berlin, Dahlem. Heft 103, April. 1961. P. 7-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malovichko Y.V., Nizhnikov A.A., Antonets K.S. Repertoire of the Bacillus thuringiensis virulence factors unrelated to major classes of protein toxins and its role in specificity of host-pathogen interactions // Toxins. 2019. Vol. 11 (6). P. 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060347</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malovichko Y.V., Nizhnikov A.A., Antonets K.S. Repertoire of the Bacillus thuringiensis virulence factors unrelated to major classes of protein toxins and its role in specificity of host-pathogen interactions // Toxins. 2019. Vol. 11 (6). P. 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060347</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palma L., Muñoz D., Berry C., Murillo J., Caballer P. Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity // Toxins. 2014. Vol. 6 (12). P. 3296-3325.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palma L., Muñoz D., Berry C., Murillo J., Caballer P. Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: An Overview of Their Biocidal Activity // Toxins. 2014. Vol. 6 (12). P. 3296-3325.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiu L. Microbial Biopesticides in Agroecosystems // Agronomy. 2018. Vol. 8 (11). P. 235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiu L. Microbial Biopesticides in Agroecosystems // Agronomy. 2018. Vol. 8 (11). P. 235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchis V., Bourguet D. Bacillus thuringiensis: Applications in agriculture and insect resistance management // Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2008. Vol. 28. P. 11-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchis V., Bourguet D. Bacillus thuringiensis: Applications in agriculture and insect resistance management // Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2008. Vol. 28. P. 11-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shikov A.E., Malovichko Y.V., Skitchenko R.K., Nizhnikov A.A., Antonets K.S. No more tears: mining sequencing data for novel Bt Cry toxins with CryProcessor // Toxins. 2020. Vol. 12. P. 204. Https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12030204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shikov A.E., Malovichko Y.V., Skitchenko R.K., Nizhnikov A.A., Antonets K.S. No more tears: mining sequencing data for novel Bt Cry toxins with CryProcessor // Toxins. 2020. Vol. 12. P. 204. https://doi.org/Https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12030204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soberón M., López-Díaz J.A., Bravo A. Cyt toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis: a protein fold conserved in several pathogenic microorganisms // Peptides. 2013. Vol. 41. P. 87-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soberón M., López-Díaz J.A., Bravo A. Cyt toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis: a protein fold conserved in several pathogenic microorganisms // Peptides. 2013. Vol. 41. P. 87-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Manual of Biocontrol Agents. BCPC. Alton, UK, 2014. 304 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Manual of Biocontrol Agents. BCPC. Alton, UK, 2014. 304 r.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vachon V., Laprade R., Schwartz J-L. Current models of the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins: a critical review // Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2012. Vol. 111. P. 1-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vachon V., Laprade R., Schwartz J-L. Current models of the mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins: a critical review // Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2012. Vol. 111. P. 1-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu C.; Wang B.C.; Yu Z.; Sun M. Structural insights into Bacillus thuringiensis Cry, Cyt and parasporin toxins // Toxins. 2014. Vol. 6. P. 2732-2770.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu C.; Wang B.C.; Yu Z.; Sun M. Structural insights into Bacillus thuringiensis Cry, Cyt and parasporin toxins // Toxins. 2014. Vol. 6. P. 2732-2770.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yılmaz S., Ayvaz A., Akbulut M., Azizoglu U., Karabörklü S. A novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain and its pathogenicity against three important pest insects // Journal of Stored Products Research. 2012. Vol. 51. P. 33-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yılmaz S., Ayvaz A., Akbulut M., Azizoglu U., Karabörklü S. A novel Bacillus thuringiensis strain and its pathogenicity against three important pest insects // Journal of Stored Products Research. 2012. Vol. 51. P. 33-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu X., Liu T., Sun Z., Guan P., Zhu J., Wang S., Li S., Deng Q., Wang L., Zheng A. Co-expression and synergism analysis of Vip3Aa29 and Cyt2Aa3 insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis // Current microbiology. 2012. Vol. 4. P. 326-331</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu X., Liu T., Sun Z., Guan P., Zhu J., Wang S., Li S., Deng Q., Wang L., Zheng A. Co-expression and synergism analysis of Vip3Aa29 and Cyt2Aa3 insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis // Current microbiology. 2012. Vol. 4. P. 326-331</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
