scbookБиология растений и садоводство: теория, инновацииPlant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation2712-7788Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”10.36305/2712-7788-2021-3-160-7-16scbook-636Research ArticleФИЗИОЛОГИЯ И БИОХИМИЯ РАСТЕНИЙPHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF PLANTSВЛИЯНИЕ ЛЕТНЕЙ ЗАСУХИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЮЖНОГО БЕРЕГА КРЫМА НА ФОТОСИНТЕЗ И ВОДНЫЙ РЕЖИМ QUERCUS PUBESCENS WILLDFeatures of photosynthesis and water regime of Quercus pubescens WilldИльницкийО. А.IlnitskyO. A.

Ильницкий Олег Антонович

298648, Республика Крым, Ялта

Ilnitsky.oleg@mail.ruПлугатарьЮ. В.PlugatarYu. V.

Плугатарь Юрий Владимирович

298648, Республика Крым, Ялта

ПаштецкийА. В.PashtetskyA. V.

Паштецкий Андрей Владимирович

298648, Республика Крым, Ялта

ГильА. Т.GilA. T.

Гиль Александр Тарасович

298648, Республика Крым, Ялта

 

Никитский ботанический сад - Национальный научный центр РАНRussian Federation2021081120210160716Copyright © Ильницкий О.А., Плугатарь Ю.В., Паштецкий А.В., Гиль А.Т., 20212021Ильницкий О.А., Плугатарь Ю.В., Паштецкий А.В., Гиль А.Т.Ilnitsky O.A., Plugatar Y.V., Pashtetsky A.V., Gil A.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/636

Определены зоны оптимума и пороговые значения влажности почвы, температуры, освещенности, лимитирующие фотосинтез и транспирацию для Quercus pubescens Willd. Показаны зависимости скорости нетто-фотосинтеза (Pn) и интенсивности транспирации (Е) от устьичной проводимости (gs), температуры листа (Тл) и влажности почвы (Wп). Определена зависимость между скоростью ксилемного потока в побеге растения (Sf, от.ед.), изменением диаметра этого побега (d, мм) и влажностью почвы. Соотношения процессов фотосинтеза и дыхания, при воздействии почвенной, засухи позволили определить их оптимальные значения: Wп = 19-22%, Pn= 12 - 13 µмоль/м2с, Pt = 1,2 - 1,3 µмоль/м2с. Изучены изменения соотношения между составляющими суммарного дыхания (Rt, Rd, Rph) при воздействии почвенной засухи. Зависимость между скоростью нетто-фотосинтеза, суммарным дыханием и температурой листа позволила определить температурный максимум нетто-фотосинтеза (тепловую точку компенсации): Pn = Rt = 2,0 µмоль/м2 с при Тл = 370С. Установлено, что при отсутствии почвенной засухи доля дыхательных затрат (Rt/Pg) от истинного фотосинтеза составляет 25-35%, а при влажности почвы 3-7% возрастает до 58-62%. Полученные результаты исследований позволили определить оптимальные и ограничивающие условия произрастания данного вида и возможности интродукции его в другие регионы.

The ecophysiological response of Quercus pubescens Willd on the impact of progressive soil drought has been studied and the optimum zones and threshold values of soil moisture, temperature, illumination, limiting photosynthesis and transpiration have been determined. The dependences of the rate of net photosynthesis (Pn) and the intensity of transpiration (E) on stomatal conductance (gs), leaf temperature (Tl) and soil moisture (Ws) are shown. The relationship between the speed of the xylem flow in the plant shoot (Sf, rel. units), the change in the diameter of this shoot (d, mm) and soil moisture has been determined. In the process of dehydration of the plant, a synchronous decrease in these parameters is observed, which serves as a signal for watering the plant. The obtained ratios of the processes of photosynthesis and respiration under the influence of soil drought made it possible to determine their optimal and limiting conditions. The optimal values are: Ws = 19 - 22%, Pn = 12 - 13 µmol/m2s. With such soil moisture, total respiration Pt = 1.2 - 1.3 μmol/m2s. Changes in the ratio between the components of total respiration (Pt, Rd, Rph) under the influence of soil drought were studied. Watering of plants has a significant effect on the studied parameters, and after repeated watering and subsequent soil drought, their general decrease is observed. The relationship between the rate of net photosynthesis (Pn), total respiration (Pt) and leaf temperature (Tl) made it possible to determine the temperature maximum of net photosynthesis (thermal compensation point). At this point, point Pn = Pt = 2.0 μmol/m2s at Tl = 37º<C. The fraction of respiratory costs from true photosynthesis (Pt /Pg) was determined, which is an integral indicator of the energy balance of the whole plant. It was found that in the absence of soil drought, the share of respiratory expenditure from true photosynthesis is 25-35%, and at soil moisture of 3-7% it increases to 58-62%. The obtained research results made it possible to determine the optimal and limiting conditions for the growth of this species and the possibility of its introduction to other regions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.