A detailed survey of soils occupied by orchards of the Nikita Botanical Garden department "Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station" has been conducted. The physical, physicochemical, and agrochemical properties of soils were studied. Three types and varieties of meadow chernozem and alluvial meadow carbonate soils were identified. Soils have some negative properties that can lead to inhibition of fruit crops: compaction, the presence of interlayers of light and medium clay granulometric composition, increased carbonate content. It has been established that the soils as a result of prolonged anthropogenic impact are subject to slight degradation, which is expressed in dehumification, salinization and alkalization. The recommendations have been done for placement of fruit crops in the area for the rational use of soils. A list of these cultures is limited to certain climatic conditions. In this regard, in this area should be placed plantings of apple, pear, cherry, cherry plum, plum and walnut on carbonate-resistant rootstocks. Recommendations for improving the soil, which are in the sowing of the rows of gardens with perennial grasses, the introduction of mineral fertilizers; periodic loosening of the soil to a depth of 80 - 100 cm to improve the water-physical properties and decompaction of the layers of heavy particle size have been developed. Chemical reclamation is recommended for soils with a high content of toxic alkalinity with the introduction of small doses of calcium and acid-containing ameliorates (phosphogypsum, iron vitriol, etc.). It is necessary to create an irrigation system in all areas of fruit plantations and the use of irrigation water with mineralization not exceeding 0.5 g per liter to prevent soil salinization processes.