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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">scbook</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Биология растений и садоводство: теория, инновации</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2712-7788</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">scbook-130</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОРТОИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЛОДОВЫХ, ЯГОДНЫХ, СУБТРОПИЧЕСКИХ ПЛОДОВЫХ И ОРЕХОПЛОДНЫХ КУЛЬТУР (ПОМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ, БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ДРУГИЕ АСПЕКТЫ)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СТРУКТУРНЫЕ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЛОДОВ MALUSDOMESTICA BORKH. (ROSACEAE), В СВЯЗИ С АДАПТАЦИЕЙ К ГОРНЫМ УСЛОВИЯМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural and functional characteristics of fruits of Malus domestica (Rosaceae), in connection with adaptation to mountain conditions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумахова</surname><given-names>Т. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumachova</surname><given-names>T. H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">tkumahova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">voronkov_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>РГАУ- МСХА</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Институт физиологии растений им. К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>144 (1)</issue><fpage>196</fpage><lpage>200</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кумахова Т.Х., Воронков А.С., Орлова Ю.В., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кумахова Т.Х., Воронков А.С., Орлова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kumachova T.H., Voronkov A.S., Orlova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/130">https://scbook.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/130</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучены структурные и функциональные особенности клеток околоплодника Malus domestica Borkh, культивируемых в Кабардино-Балкарии на разных высотах. В работе обсуждается адаптивное значение формирующихся в клетках гиподермы горных плодов «триады» - комплексов из трех органелл - хлоропласты, митохондрии и пероксисомы к условиям произрастания плодовых растений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Structural and functional features of Malus domestica Borkh cells cultured in Kabardino-Balkaria at different altitudes were studied. It is shown that the conditions for the growth of fruit trees have a significant effect on the structural organization and functional characteristics of the cells. The adaptive value of the mountain fruits of the complexes - the "triad" of the three organelles - chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes - is being discussed in the work. Most likely "triad" is of an adaptive nature, it helps protect the fruits from high UV radiation and sudden temperature fluctuations, increasing their antioxidant status.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митохондрия</kwd><kwd>пероксисом</kwd><kwd>хлоропласт</kwd><kwd>ультраструктура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Malus domestica</kwd><kwd>«триада»</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кумахова Т.Х., Меликян А.П. Ультраструктура кутикулы плодов разных сортов Malus domestica (Rosaceae) // Ботанический журнал. 1989. - Т. 74. - № 3. - С. 28-332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кумахова Т.Х., Меликян А.П. 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